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III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES SWITZERLAND • zones where GHP with horizontal pipes can be installed; BHE systems need special (mostly geologic) clarification • zones where only GHP with horizontal pipes can be installed. Canton Ticino: A synoptic geothermal map at 1:100,000 scale has been established in electronic format, as well as local maps at 1:25,000 which can be downloaded from the Internet (www.ist.supsi.ch). The map consists of different components: • geologic map based on digital topography, lakes, rivers, roads, community borders • terrestrial heat flow • groundwater protection zones • existing GHP installations. Canton Zurich: A special map for GHP applications with BHE has been placed on the Internet at: (www.wasserwirtschaft.zh.ch/erdwaermenutzung/). The scale can be enlarged by browsing, from 1:500,000 through 1:200,000, 1:100,000, 1:50,000 down to 1:25,000. Figure 16.5 shows a detailed map 1:25,000. The maps show • topography, roads, rivers etc. • groundwater protection zones, groundwater captures • zones in which BHEs are permissible • zones in which BHEs are permissible only with specific restrictions • zones in which BHE installation needs further clarification • zones in which BHEs are not permitted • existing BHE installations, with/without geologic profile Most maps are being continuously updated. The cantonal authorities distribute also the necessary application forms in order to get the necessary installation permits. 16.3.2.8 Worldwide Ranking in GHP Use Nevertheless, GHP systems are increasingly used in Switzerland as well as abroad. According to the Country Update Reports prepared for the World Geothermal Congress 2005 (Lund, et al., 2005) 38 countries are using the GHP technology at present. From the Country Update Reports Lund extracted the relevant numbers for each country (J. Lund; written communication 2004): installed capacity (MWt) and annual energy production (GWh/year). Using these numbers (Table 16.3), normalised figures (capacity or energy per country area or population) have been calculated, to take into account the country size and population (Table 16.4). The leaders based upon absolute numbers are the USA and Sweden, with Denmark and Switzerland also occupying high worldwide ranks. In terms of the normalised figures (capacity or energy per country area or population), the leaders are clearly the Nordic/Scandinavian countries, with Denmark and Sweden being the champions. The ranking results can be expressed by listing the medal winners: • 1st rank (Gold): Sweden and Denmark 3x; USA 1x • 2nd rank (Silver): Switzerland 2x, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, USA 1x • 3rd rank (Bronze): Sweden and Switzerland 2x; China and Norway 1x By all means Switzerland is a successful medallist and thus global player in GHP utilization. IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 100PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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