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III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES ITALY Forecasts of the development program for 2005: Production wells: • Drilling of four new production wells • Testing of one deep well drilled in 2004 • Completion of drilling and testing of one production well, whose drilling started in 2004 Exploration wells: • Drilling of four exploration wells (two wells to be completed in 2005 and two in 2006) • Completion of drilling and testing of the first well of the exploration programme whose drilling started in 2004 (see above) Power plants: • Commissioning of two power plants: 1x40 MW (retrofitting) and 1x40 MW (rehabilitation) Abatement plants: • Commissioning of 11 AMIS plants (two for the two abovementioned power plants and 9 as retrofits of existing units) 12.3.2 Direct Use In addition to the electricity generation, geothermal fluids are also used in Italy as thermal sources. In 2003 the total heat supply was equivalent to about 213 ktoe. Most of the applications (60% of the supply) are for bathing (temperatures less than 40 °C), which has a long tradition in Italy, dating back to Etruscan and Roman times. There are also several other uses including space and district heating, fish farming, greenhouses and industrial process heat. Enel Green Power is the most important domestic operator in the field of direct use, supplying the equivalent of about 26 ktoe of geothermal heat: 47% for both greenhouses and district heating, 5% for industrial processes and the balance for fish farming. In addition, Enel Green Power is selling about 36,000 t/y of nearly pure CO2, produced from a deep dead well and mainly used, after purification, in the food industry. 12.3.3 Energy Saving The use of the geothermal fluids for electricity generation and direct use provides a saving of about 1.4 Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent), avoiding, at the same time, emission to the atmosphere of about 4 Mt of CO2. It should be noted that the exploitation of steam-dominated fields reduces the amount of CO2 naturally emitted from the soils in the geothermal areas, so that the total CO2 emission (natural plus power plant emission) remains unchanged. CO2 emission has not been included by APAT (the National Agency for the protection of the environment and the territory) in the GHG inventory. IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 72PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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