PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 049
III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES SYNOPSIS use of geothermal energy is also employed for heating swimming pools, snow melting (sidewalks, parking spaces, streets), greenhouses (air and soil heating), fish farming (~ 50 farms, mainly salmon) and industrial uses (production of diatomite for filters, drying seaweed, salt, liquid CO2, wood and fish drying, etc.). The use of geothermal energy in Iceland provided a savings of about 0.7 Mtoe and reduced or avoided the emission of about 2.23 Mt of CO2. Expansion in energy intensive industry has resulted in a rapid increase in electricity demand and stimulated large-scale geothermal power development, with 200 MWe now under construction. The United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme has been operating a 6- month annual course for professionals from developing countries since 1979. It offers specialized training in various geothermal disciplines, and provides the opportunity to continue on towards a MSc degree at the University of Iceland. 7.3.5 Italy Geothermal energy In Italy is mainly used to produce electricity, and at the end of 2004 the installed capacity was 862 MWe. The net generation exceeded 5.1 billion kWh, and provided 1.9% of Italy’s total domestic generation and 24% of that used in Tuscany. Geothermal resources are also used in direct applications, with about 975 GWh utilized in 2003 for providing heat to spas, space and district heating, fish farming, greenhouses and industrial processes; and saved about 213 ktoe (thousand tons of oil equivalent). In addition, 36,000 tonnes of CO2 was produced from a “dead” well for the food industry. The proprietary AMIS technology for H2S and Hg emission abatement is being retrofitted on 15 existing plants and two new ones. The use of geothermal energy for electricity generation and direct use saves approximately 1.4 Mtoe and avoids the emission of about 4 Mt of CO2. From 2002, all electricity operators had to generate, or purchase, at least 2% (> 3.5 billion kWh) from “new renewable plants”. This encouraged the renewables market and gave rise to the “Green Certificate” market. Each Green Certificate in 2004 proves 50 MWh of electricity is being generated by renewables and in 2004 was worth 9.739 €-cent/kWh. The value of renewable generated electricity is the sum of the base price plus that of the Green Certificate. As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, Italy has been charged with reducing greenhouse gas emission by 6.5% of 1990 level within the 2008-2012 commitment period (note the EU’s total reduction is 8%). Subsequently, a 2002 economic planning decree stipulated that the Italian electricity industry must reduce their CO2 emission by 26 million tons/year, or 50% of Italy’s required total. One consequence has been the setting of a target of 500-1,200 MWe increase in installed capacity from renewable power plants, resulting in a CO2 reduction of 1.5-3.1 million tons/year. Italian research activities continued to focus on the development of geophysical models that will improve on the ability to discover resources, hence reduce risk. New methods for interpreting seismic reflection data have been quite successful in locating fractured zones at depths > 3,000 m. 7.3.6 Japan Japan’s total geothermal output capacity has remained almost constant at 535 MWe for the past few years and the only new developments expected are small binary units. As of March 2004, geothermal resources generated about 0.3% of the total electricity generated, or 3,486 GWh of a total of 1,094 TWh. This is equivalent to a savings of 0.92 Mtoe with an avoided IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 48PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
PDF Search Title:
Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004Original File Name Searched:
IEA_Geothermal_RandT_Annual_Report_2004_secureforWebsite.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |