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ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM LANDFILL GAS Sri Hapsari Budisulistiorini*) ABSTRACT Energy from renewables has been sought to replace current fossil fuel energy generation. Landfill gas has great potential to generate power since it contains methane 40 to 60%. Utilizing an enhanced landfill gas as fuel for power generator is also beneficial to reduce greenhouse gas emission from landfill otherwise it will escape to the atmosphere. Current technology in power generation from landfill gas includes organic rankine cycle (ORC) and stirling cycle engine (SCE) to add the traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and gas turbine (GT). The state-of-the-art power generation technologies have been developed and demonstrated in the US whereas in Australia, landfill gas power plant remains with the conventional ones; reciprocating engine and gas turbine. Keywords: landfill gas, bioreactor landfill, electricity generation, engine INTRODUCTION World energy consumption has doubling since 1980 to account for 444 exajoules in 2003 and is projected to increase significantly until 2030. Australia also showed an increase in electricity consumption with 54 % in 14 years to accounting for 224.89 TWh in 2004 (IEA, 2007, UIC, 2006). Interestingly, most of the production, about 79%, is using coal. The future trend of electricity consumption in Australia is projected to rise 35% by 2020 (UIC, 2006). Facing the increasing future demand of electricity and decreasing of fossil fuel, thus a renewable fuel should be taken into granted as a solution for supplying more environment friendly power plant. Figure 1 World marketed energy consumption Source: (EIA, 2006) Australia has introduced several renewable resources for power plant, including natural gas, hydro, solar, and biomass. It contributed 20% of electricity production in 2004. *) Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan FT Undip Another emerging renewable energy source is biogas derived from waste. Solid waste decomposition produces gas comprising methane and carbon dioxide. Methane has high energy content which can be exploited to generate electricity. Regarding electricity generation from landfill gas, USA is leading with innovations on the generators technology and gas production improvement. METHANE PRODUCTION IN LANDFILL SYSTEM LANDFILL GAS PRODUCTION Decomposition process of organic waste in landfill results in waste settling and by- products included leachate and landfill gas (LFG). LFG mainly consists of methane (40- 60%) and the rest comprises carbon dioxide and trace gases (Reinhart and Townsend, 1998). Gas production in landfill occurs in four phases (Figure 2). Phase 1 is a hydrolysis phase where organic substrate is break down by aerobic bacteria to produce carbon dioxide. In phase 2 or acetogenesis phase, oxygen is depleted and aerobic bacteria continue to convert organic This paper will discuss the potential of methane produced in landfill as alternative renewable energy fuel. Innovations on electricity generation from landfill gas is described and followed by challenges to implement new technologies. An implementation of landfill gas for power plant in Australia and USA is then discussed. Jl. Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang Semarang 9PDF Image | ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM LANDFILL GAS
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