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moving eastward along the North and South American Plates whilst at the same time being subducted by the westward moving Atlantic Plate (Huttrer, G.W. 2010). Figure 2: The Ring of Fire (Source: Sanyal 2010.) Figure 3 is a map of the Caribbean illustrating areas of subduction and strike-slip faults. These regions are prone to constant tectonic readjustments which results in frequent earthquakes. Shown below is a major subduction line (in blue) which moves 18 mm per year and lies on the Eastern region of the Caribbean archipelago (Lesser Antilles). Other identifiable tectonic regions are oceanic transform fault, oceanic convergent boundary, and oceanic rift illustrated by the green, pink, and red lines respectively. From Figure 3 an understanding of the complexity of the Caribbean plate can be grasped. It can be described as a geologically complex region that displays a variety of plate boundary interactions. Figure 3: Caribbean Plate Tectonics (Source: Google Earth) The friction created as a result of constant plate tectonic readjustments causes rock fracturing which allows water to circulate at depth and transport heat toward the Earth’s surface. Accordingly, the plate- boundary zones and hot spot regions are prime target areas for the discovery and development of high- temperature hydrothermal-convection systems. In this way, existing and possible geothermal reservoirs of significant size as well as fracture conduits that may be present under the islands are kept open and permeable, thereby conducting meteoric recharge waters from the surface to appreciable depths that are then heated into super-heated temperatures. MINERALOGY AND GEOTHERMAL EXPLORA TION The primary source of permeability in crystalline rock is made possible by faults and fractures. Yet in many hydrothermal systems the active precipitation of minerals and chemicals alteration, implies that fractures conducting fluids in the subsurface will often seal and permeability will be lost. In contrast, recurrent brittle fractures and frictional failure in low porosity crystalline rocks produce dilation owing to surface roughness along the fracture walls (Brown, 1987) and the formation of breccias and micro-cracks during fault slip (Lockner and Beeler, 2002). The precipitation of common vein-filling minerals such as quartz or calcite that seals fault and fractures retains the brittle (dilatant) behavior, as demonstrated by crack-seal textures in the layered veins. The frictional strength of the fractures is maintained byPDF Image | CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CARIBBEAN
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