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MASTHEAD The project DISPOWER is partially funded by the European Commis- sion, DG Research Duration: 01.01.2002 - 31.12.2005 Contract no. ENK5-CT-2001-00522 Co-ordination ISET e.V. Philipp Strauß Königstor 59 D-34119 Kassel Phone: +49 561 7294-0 Fraunhofer ISE Dr. Tim Meyer Heidenhofstr. 2 D-79110 Freiburg Phone: +49 761 4588-0 Liability The authors are solely responsible for this publication, it does not represent the opinion of the European Community and the European Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing therein. Despite thorough control all information in this brochure is provided without guarantee. Un- der no circumstances will liability be assumed for loss or damage sustained through the use of information provided. Author Vittorio Brignoli, Via Rubattino 54 I - 20134 Milano / Italy Phone: +39 0221255721 Fax: +39 0221255626 E-mail: brignoli@cesi.it Date: 2005-10-19 No: “dispower info 24” fig.2 The oil heater of the SBTG system TECHNICAL DETAILS The SBTG system is a small power plant realised by the union of two main components: an oil heater and a turbo cogenerator. The oil heater, which has a thermal power of 116 kWth, produces a flow of oil at 250 °C to supply the turbo cogenerator. The utilisation of oil as heat transfer fluid permits to reach the tempera- tures necessary to run an Organic Rankine Cycle avoiding a more com- plicated water-steam circuit. The oil heater is comprised by a com- bustion chamber where the biomass fuel burns over a fixed grate. The fuel, wood pellets or chips derived mainly from domestic pine, is taken from a silo and pushed on the grate by means of a cochlea driven by a stepped motor. The flame is fed with a main air flow blown under the grate and with a secondary air flow above the grate. The combustion gases are sucked from the chimney blower in such a way that the combus- tion chamber is maintained at slight depressure. The gases pass trough a double coil of steel tubes where a flow of mineral oil is pumped and heated up to 250 °C. Before entering in the chimney, the gases pass trough a gas-air heat exchanger and transmit most of their residual energy to the secondary air flow. fig 3. The HER 10 turbo cogenerator of the SBTG system An external oil circuit connects the heater to the evaporators of the HER 10 turbo cogenerator. The oil trans- mits its energy to the working fluid of the ORC which has a high molecular weight and low boiling point. The fluid evaporates at a limited pres- sure, 5 bars, expands in a turbine run- ning up to 23000 rpm, is condensed in a water cooled condenser and finally pumped back to the evapora- tors. The ORC turbo - cogenerator is designed to produce 10 kWe net and 80 kWth of heat output which is re- leased to the water circulated through the condenser. The electrical power is produced by a permanent magnets generator cou- pled with the turbine. The alternator generates a high frequency current at around 500 V. This current, which has a variable frequency depending on the speed of the turbine, is first linearised and then delivered to the grid at 400 V, 50 Hz, three phases by means of an inverter grid connected. The turbine power output depends on the mass flow and on the tempera- ture of the ORC fluid vaporised inside the evaporators. A feed pump, with variable speed, modulates the mass flow of ORC fluid in such a way that the steam arrives to the turbine at the optimal conditions. The oil heater and the turbo-cogen- erator are coupled together by a control software which coordinates their operation in such a way that a unique integrate system is realised. At the start up of the heater a set point oil temperature is fixed by the opera- tor in the range of 220-250 °C. Then an automatic procedure progressively brings the heater at the designed point. When the oil temperature ap- proaches 200 °C the software orders to the HER 10 cogenerator to start. In few minutes the evaporators begin to produce steam and the turbine valve is opened. In few seconds the turbine is launched at 3000 rpm and the inverter closes the connection to the grid; the turbine arrives at about 21000 rpm and the output become stabilised. The SBTG has been operated during the year 2005 for about 500 hours. Its behaviour has been tested in various operating conditions, in particular simulating the failures of the grid. Extensive tests are foreseen to verify reliability under standard and critical conditions and to evaluate in detail the efficiency of the entire process.PDF Image | CESI ORC Biomass CHP generator SBTG
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