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• Free Chlorine: Chlorine is commonly added to tap water for sanitary reasons. Chlorine is highly oxidizing and lowers the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. The concentration of free chlorine should be kept below 0.5 mg/L. Water Hardness, Deposits and Scaling The ability to transfer heat in plate heat exchangers can be reduced by deposits. Solid particles greater than 2 mm across tend to be screened by the channels in the unit, and may accumulate rapidly leading to plugging. Problematic deposits and scaling are usually caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium carbonates in the water supply. General Hardness (GH) is the measure of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. GH is commonly expressed in parts per million (ppm) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or degrees hardness (dH). See Table 6 below. Table 6 - Water Hardness Guidelines mg/L of CaCO3 0 - 50 50 - 100 100 - 200 200 - 300 300 - 540 540+ dH 0 - 3 3 - 6 6 - 12 12 - 18 18 - 30 30+ Description Soft Fairly Soft Slightly Hard Moderately Hard Hard Very Hard Heating of hard water may cause the precipitation of limestone (CaCO3) which will appear as a layer of scale on the plate surface. Carbonate scaling and other solids (except silica) can be removed by back flushing the heat exchanger with a mild acid, however frequent acid flushing can also cause corrosion. Maintain the recommended water quality levels and periodically check heat exchanger pressure drops for optimum efficiency and system life. Always obtain expert advice for geothermal applications. Balance and Expansion Tanks Balance tanks should be used to compensate for the increase in volume as the water heats up. General practice is to have compensation equal to 10-15% of the water volume in that system. Environmental Limits and Concerns Temperature: Operating: 0 to 40C (32-104F) Storage: -20to50C(-4-122F)*Theworkingfluidmustberemovedpriortostorage. Relative Humidity: Operating: 10-85% Storage: 10-95% Altitude: Operating: 1500 m (5000’) maximum Storage: 5000 m (16,000’) maximum Copyright © ElectraTherm, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved. REV 02 - 05/02/2013 Page | 18PDF Image | Waste Heat to Power System Product Data and Specification Guide
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