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Why Fuel Cells? The need is clear and well recognized for clean, safe, and reliable forms of energy that can provide prescribed levels of power consistently, and on demand. Yet, most forms of non-combustion electric generation have limitations that impact widespread use of the technology, especially as a primary source of electric power (i.e., baseload power). Solar energy, for example, depends on the sun. Extended days of cloudy skies can severely limit the generation of electricity, and power availability is generally considered to be between 25 to 35%. Wind turbines are designed to turn kinetic energy into electricity. They too, depend on factors that cannot be controlled. In this case, the presence of wind and a certain minimum wind velocity are required. As a result, power availability is judged to be in the range of 30 to 35%. Geothermal sources require heat energy from underground geother- mal fields, which mean they are restricted to certain geographic locations. Similarly, hydroelectric plants are confined to locations near major rivers and are also somewhat constrained by nature. Thus, without adequate and consistent sun, wind, heat, and water flow, such sources of power generation are limited by the whims of nature and cannot be considered as reliable sources of baseload power when and where needed. Fuel cell technology, on the other hand, has advanced to the point where it is now a viable challenger to combustion-based plants for growing numbers of baseload power applications. Today, fuel cells are reaching their potential as the cleanest and most reliable sources of distributed power generation. With 95% power availability and electric power generation efficiency of 47%, they represent a viable means of producing Ultra-Clean power, reliably, consistently, and on demand. While the need to ensure the availability of hydrogen has been seen as a concern in the operation of fuel cells, Direct FuelCells® (DFCs®) developed by FuelCell Energy, Inc. are unaffected by such limitations because they use natural gas and biofuels (gases from food processing and wastewater treatment) as a source fuel. Furthermore, with system adjustments, these fuel cells can also operate with a wide range of alternate fuels, including ethanol and propane. Direct FuelCells have even been shown to generate clean power from diesel fuel and coal gas, fuels traditionally considered to be high pollution sources. DFCs internally reform hydrogen from the source fuels and emit dramatically reduced CO2 greenhouse gas compared to fossil fuel power plants, and only negligible amounts of pollutants, such as NOx and SOx. why fuel cells?PDF Image | Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems with Direct FuelCell Technology
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