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This is a possible flaw in the proposed model. - Is it viable to expect the existing fossil-fuel plants to continue into the future? - Is this only a transitionary technology? - It must considered against alternative transitionary technologies: Gas Wind Nuclear Clean coal with geosequestration. - A more suitable fluid for the geothermal siphon may need to be explored. o Electricity Transmission Infrastructure - Present geothermal resources are remote from the grid. There is a need for economies of scale to justify transmission line construction. - Transmission implications Long distances, 500 – 1500 km Multiple transmission lines are needed for security of supply (at least 2 to 3) Transmission line capacity cannot start small and increase gradually. - Investment and Costs ~$5 billion transmission ~$750m pa costs ~$50/MWh for transmission costs • To be compared against the current $30/MWh that covers generation and transmission. - Issues Not justified economically Who will pay? Technical challenges of long transmission lines. - One needs to target closer geothermal sites o CO2 Supply - Coal-fired power plants provide the only option: Central Queensland – 5000 MWe Surat Basin – 1500 MWe Hunter Valley – 8000 MWe Latrobe Valley – 5000 MWe. - A possible model is where the coal-fired power plants capture and geo-sequester CO2 in storage, from which the geothermal plant extracts the CO2 and transports to the geothermal site. The cost of carbon capture and geo- sequestration could be the responsibility of the coal-fired power generator The geothermal plant operator would have to pay for the cost of transporting the CO2 to the geothermal resource Considerable CO2 storage capacity is essential to buffer the geothermal plant against planned and unplanned interruptions in coal-fired power plant production schedules. - The for CO2 Supply are Carbon capture by the coal-fired power plant owner Geosequestration by the coal-fired power plant owner CO2 extraction by the geothermal operator. o CO2 Transport o - - - Pipeline required for 1-2 GWe geothermal power 1m x 1500km With pumping stations along the way Pipeline Cost $1.5m/km $2.5b for a 1500-km pipeline $400m per annum $30/MWh (=$400,000,000 divided by 1500MWe x 24 h/days x 365 days). Technical Issues Corrosiveness of CO2 Power supplies to the pumping stations Security of supply, e.g. will a single pipeline be enough? Geothermal Plant Infrastructure (see Figure 1) - Large area needed for each 50-MW module. - Matrix of power modules are needed as shown in the sketch. - Major distribution networks for CO2 and electricity are needed as the requisite infrastructure. - One needs to relocate the pipeline, the transmission lines and the plant every 15 years. - Maintenance of systems. infrastructure challenges in this modelPDF Image | Power Generation USING A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 GEOTHERMAL SIPHON
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