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Organic Rankine Cycle finds application in many different industrial sectors that may be categorized in to three major heads, namely: y Industrial waste heat recovery yInternal combustion engines (ICEs) and Gas turbines y Renewable energy power plants a.industrial waste heat recovery8 In industries, there are plenty of waste heat fluids of relatively low temperature that are dissipated to the environment, thereby wasting the thermal energy. Some of these heat sources are reused in other on- site applications (thermal applications) or are used for district heating (not popular in India though). Thus, when there is no direct application for this thermal waste heat, it could be used to generate electricity by means of an ORC. One of the first commercial waste heat power generation plants using the Organic Rankine Cycle was implemented by TURBODEN using the exhaust gas from a Cupola Furnace in Torbole, Italy. During the same time period, another plant came up at Heidelberg Cement in Lengfurt, Germany in 1998 by ORMAT TECHNOLOGIES, where the clinker cooler exhaust air at 270°C served as a heat input to an ORC system. After the successes of these installations, many industries all over the world have used ORC systems to convert their waste heat in to electrical energy. Some of these industries are Glass Plants, Thermal Oxidizers, Paint Ovens, Ovens, Brick Ovens, Cement Processing, Ore Processing, Petrochemicals etc. A brief description of the applicability of ORC technology in the most promising sectors is provided below: cement industry Cement production process involves lime decarbonisation reactions, that being endothermic, require huge amounts of heat and high temperatures. The unused part of the heat supplied for these reactions can be found in the combustion gas – kiln gas – (after the raw material pre-heating) and in the clinker cooler air flow (an air stream used to cool down the clinker after it exits the kiln). The waste heat in these flows could, via thermal heat recovery circuits, be the heat sources feeding the ORC system for power generation purposes. figure 5: schematic of power generation from clinker cooler heat source (source: ultratech cement) Clinker Cooler Heat Source Heat Boiler Waste O Heat Recovery RC-Equipment Power Generation Air Condenser Cooling - Process Waste gas Clinker Cooler Waste Gas Thermal Oil Pe Circuit ntane - Circuit Cooling - Circuit 7 Heat recovery in Energy Intensive Industries, (HREII), Diagram for a preliminary estimation of the potential of ORC based heat recovery system, September 2010, http://www.hreii.eu/public/Diagram%20potentiality_ENG. pdf) 8 ORCycle, Turn Waste Heat into Electricity by Using an Organic Rankine Cycle, April 2011 http://www.orcycle.be/publicaties_bestanden/ Paper1_2nd%20ECP%20ORC_final.pdf 11PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
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