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of a gearbox while also improving rotordynamics. In radial-inflow turbines, pressure ratios higher than 4:1 result in designs that require multiple expanders and greatly increased complexity and size. A two-stage version of the Euler Turbine has been designed and tested. Both rows of blades are machined onto a single blisk, resulting in a compact machine with a pressure ratio up to 10:1. Euler turbine: Application to the Kalina cycle An Euler Turbine was chosen for a Kalina cycle plant in Bruchsal, Germany. Based on the design point data (Table 1), the shaft power is 610.5 kW and the electrical power is 557.4 kWe for a shaft efficiency of 82.4% and electrical efficiency of 75.3%. These efficiencies include the energy loss in the control valve. The exit vapor quality from the turbine is 96%. The turbine rotor is made of titanium and weighs 13 lb with a 10” outer diameter. It spins at 28,000 rpm and is connected to an table 1. Euler Turbine for Kalina cycle. Ammonia Content Mass flow Inlet temperature Inlet pressure Outlet pressure Mass % 92.7 kg/s 4.83 °C 115.3 bar a 20 bar a 7.81 Figure 5. Model (top) and Installation (bottom) of the Euler Turbine skid for Kalina cycle geothermal power plant. factory. Figure 5 shows the unit installed at the geothermal site. This unit is scheduled for is for use in a planned mini-geother- mal plant in Otari, Japan. This Eu- ler Turbine will be equipped with a high speed generator (56,000 Welch and Boyle The Kalina cycle was developed as in improvement to the organic Rankine cycle for sensible heat sources. Operating with a multiple component fluid—typically ammonia and water—the Kalina cycle employs variable temperature boiling in the evapo- rator. The variable composition during the boiling produces a “glide” effect which reduces the pinch point limitation when compared to an ORC. Upon leaving the evaporator, the mixture is not entirely boiled and so a separator is required. The vapor stream coming from the top of the separator is expanded through a turbine. Moisture forms as the saturated vapor mixture is expanded. The presence of moisture makes the Euler Turbine desirable because of its rug- ged design. The liquid stream from the bottom of the separator goes through a heat exchanger, boiling a fraction of the incoming refrigerant and then rejoins the turbine exhaust. The exhaust flow is then condensed and subcooled. The multiple component fluid also undergoes variable temperature condensation in the con- denser. Overall, the Kalina cycle offers an efficiency advantage as compared to the standard ORC2. induction generation by a gearbox (Figure 5). The turbine, lube oil system, and junction box with cables were assembled on a single skid to minimize on-site installation and wiring. The turbine- generator assembly was tested and synchronized at the Energent startup in July 2009. Another Kalina cycle application Figure 6. High-speed Euler Turbine for Kalina cycle application in geothermal power plant. 767 rpm, 65 kW) supported by magnetic bearings in lieu of a gearbox and synchronous generator (Figure 6). The high speed generator will both increase efficiency and allow forPDF Image | New turbines to Enable Efficient Geothermal Power Plants
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