PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 252
21.4.2 Development Cost Trends In 2009, costs fluctuated considerably due to the global economic climate. Due to the drop in oil and gas prices, the geothermal industry benefited from increased rig availability and decreased drilling costs. Additionally, some oil and gas drillers sought to break into the geothermal market during this period (28). 21.5 Development Constraints Geothermal development continues to require high upfront investment and has high exploration risks. As a result the geothermal market relies heavily on federal, state, and local tax incentives to attract investors. Naturally existing hydrothermal reservoirs remain geographically limited to western states where the most desired reservoirs tend to be remotely located and require significant transmission infrastructure. As EGS technologies are developed and deployed the challenges surrounding location are expected to be lessened. However, a new set of challenges surface. Vast quantities of water will be needed to create the reservoirs and maintain production. In addition, the processes associated with EGS development have been shown to cause induced seismicity. Permitting and leasing processes are also challenges to geothermal development. 21.6 Economics 21.6.1 TrendsinGeothermalInvestment Islandsbanki predicts that the overall investment need for projects in development over the next five years as of October 2011 is US$ 12 billion (29). 21.6.2 Costs EIA 2010 estimates the costs for 50 MWe geothermal dual flash and binary power plants. Table 21.4 Cost of 50 MWe Geothermal Power Plants (30). Type Dual Flash Binary Overnight Capital Cost (2010$/kW) 5,578 4,141 Fixed O&M Cost (2010$/kW) 84.27 82.27 Variable O&M Cost (2010$/MWh) 9.64 9.64 21.6.3 TrendsintheCostofEnergy The levelized cost of electricity is expected to lower as R&D advances through the U.S. DOE‘s Geothermal Technologies Program to reduce the cost and risks of exploration, drilling and well field development. However, as high-quality confirmed resources are utilized, the remaining geothermal fields will be more expensive to confirm (if they show no surface expression) and economically produce power if the resource is marginal. Over the long-term with advancements in new technologies, including EGS, the country‘s geothermal reserves will increase dramatically. 249PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
PDF Search Title:
Geothermal Research and Tech IEAOriginal File Name Searched:
geo2010.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |