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Table 17.3 New Zealand Geothermal Direct Use Statistics (for top nine users). Major Direct Use Heating 2009 Energy Use (TJ/yr) New Use in 2010 (TJ/yr) 300 (270) constructing Kawerau NSK industrial Kawerau SCA Mill Ohaaki timber kilns 438 Tauhara Tenon timber kilns 431 Mokai glasshouse 300 Mokai Miraka Milk Drying Plant Wairakei Prawn Farm 270 Wairakei Netcor tourism 820 Waikite Pool tourism 275 17.3.2.2 New Developments in 2010 5,224 Newly installed direct heat capacity in 2010 amounted to 32 MWth (300 TJ/yr) arising from geothermal direct use at Kawerau where the SCA paper-plant steam supply and heat exchangers were constructed. The Miraka milk drying plant at Mokai (270 TJ/yr) was under construction but not yet commissioned. 17.3.2.3 Rates and Trends in Development Rates of growth in direct use have been steady over recent years. They are predicted to improve over the next 10 years. Geothermal tourism is growing in the form of commercial visits by domestic and overseas tourists to geothermal parks or reserves, and bathing at hot spring resorts. 17.3.3 EnergySavingsin2010 17.3.3.1 Fossil Fuel Savings/Replacement Fossil fuel savings/replacement for 5,551 GWh of geothermal electricity generation in 2010 was 1.4 Mtoe/yr (million tonnes of oil equivalent using standard IEA conversion), at 253 toe/GWh. This was an increase of 21% over the 2009 year. Fossil fuel savings/replacement for 2,821 GWh (10.1 PJ) of geothermal direct heat use in 2010 was 0.35 Mtoe/yr, at 127 toe/GWh (similar to 2009). 17.3.3.2 Reduced/Avoided CO2 Emissions Reduced/avoided CO2 equivalent (CO2–eq) emissions (in tonnes of CO2–eq /yr) for 5,551 GWh of electricity (using net average of 813 t CO2–eq/GWh net) is 4.52 Mtonnes (Mt) CO2–eq/yr. Reduced/avoided CO2-eq emissions (in tonnes of CO2–eq/year) for 2,821 GWh (10.1 PJ) of direct heat use (using average of 114 t CO2–eq /TJ net) is 1.15 Mt CO2–eq/yr. Using published data on gas content in discharged steam, the calculated CO2–eq emissions in 2010 was 0.78 Mt CO2–eq. from 5,551 GWh of NZ geothermal power production. The weighted average rate was 140 t CO2–eq/ GWh. This would have avoided 5.29 Mt CO2-eq emissions from an 191PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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