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GeoThermal Engineering, is developing an optimised seismic prediction system. The aim is to identify structures at a distance of 50 to 100 m from the drill head with a resolution of approximately 1 m. This makes it possible to adapt drilling operations to the actual geology and target subsurface layers desired. What is new about this system is that both the transmitter of the seismic waves (magnetostrictive actuator) and the receiver of the signal (geophone) are in the drill head. In techniques used in the past, either the transmitter or the receiver was on the surface, so that the values obtained were less precise and not as comprehensive. Based on the numerous measurements that have now been taken using a laboratory prototype, a field prototype has been designed for SPWD, which will be used in a vertical borehole filled with water in the teaching and research mine in Freiber – the Reiche Zeche. BMU is supporting the project with 2.3 million euros. 11.7.2.5 Atlas of Geological Features Deep permeable layers of rock that can be used as a source of geothermal energy can also be used to store CO2, for example using CCS technology (carbon capture and storage). In view of this potential competition between different uses, the federal government‘s coalition agreement makes provision for a geothermal atlas to be commissioned. The idea is to identify areas with potential for CO2 storage and areas with potential for geothermal use. The Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG) and BGR have now begun to produce a geothermal atlas for Germany. Important elements of the atlas include potential storage formations and geological faults. In particular, possible pathways for gases and water will be a decisive site selection criterion. The atlas contains the scientific foundations for policy decisions on how the deeper strata should be used. The project is receiving 330,000 euros in funding. 11.7.2.6 Studying Earth Movements As is the case with any new technology that is intended to be developed to industrial scale, public acceptance is crucial in establishing the use of geothermal energy. Minor seismic events have occurred in the vicinity of deep geothermal energy plants. They were heard as a bang and caused public concern. This kind of ―anthropogenically induced‖ earthquake also occurs in minding or oil extraction. In geothermal energy applications, minor seismic activity resulting from hydraulic stimulation is desirable even because the idea is to produce fissures in the rock. Microearthquakes occur that are picked up only by sensitive measuring instruments. However, there have been instances of earthquakes that were felt slightly near geothermal plants. 11.7.2.7 Microseismic Activity of Geothermal Systems In a joint research project entitled Microseismic Activity of Geothermal Systems (MAGS), which began in 2010, scientists at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), LMU Munich, the FU Berlin and TU Clausthal, with BGR as lead agency are investigating how these earthquakes should be viewed. Disclosing all the scientific findings is a key factor in achieving public acceptance. The first step involves precise measurement and characterisation of seismicity at deep geothermal energy sites in Germany. The findings are then compared with the risk posed by natural earthquakes at the same location. Furthermore, the intention is to develop strategies for minimising earth movements occurring both as a result of operating the plant and stimulating the bedrock. The project is receiving 2 million euros in BMU funding. 11.7.3 IndustryfundedProjects 11.7.3.1 Commercial Geothermal Power Plants in the Upper Rhine Graben In Insheim, the company Pfalzwerke geofuture GmbH is planning the second (after Landau) industrially operated geothermal power plant in the megawatt range in the Upper Rhine Graben. Water with a temperature in excess of 165 °C was found at a depth of about 3,800 m. Hydraulic 124PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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