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Development and improvement of drilling techniques used specifically for tapping geo thermal reservoirs Development and improvement of methods and techniques to optimize management of reservoirs and influence productivity, such as stimulation techniques, fracing techniques, and monitoring systems Development of equipment, apparatus and machinery, especially pumps, capable of reliable, low-maintenance operation under the high temperatures, pressures and corrosive conditions that typify geothermal applications Investigation, optimization and development of methods and techniques for converting geo thermal energy (hot water and steam) into usable heat and electricity (e.g., cogeneration of power/heat/cooling, ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and Kalina process or innovative techniques, including combinations with other renewable energies Addressing fundamental technical issues relating to the incorporation of geothermal energy into local supply systems (heat/electricity), including combinations with other renewable energies, in areas with a high multiplier potential Carrying out more research projects over the next few years will play a decisive role in ensuring that geothermal can contribute to our future heat and electricity supply. The aim of the projects is to make urgently needed progress in knowledge based on practical experience in matters such as lowering costs, for example. The subject of R&D should be the entire technology chain in the geothermal field. One research priority is drilling technology; another priority is developing reliable components, such as pumps, that are adapted to the extreme conditions of geothermal energy systems. As a result of recent events, the focus has also turned to investigating seismicity. In some regions, problems with geothermal systems caused by chemical deposits are caused by the presence of natural radioactivity. A strategy workshop on geothermal energy was held in 2010 to discuss what direction future research funding should take. One of the suggestions put forward was to carry out more laboratory and field tests to expand the pool of geothermal data for Germany. Another was to refine methods used to characterise geothermal systems, including mathematical modelling and simulation techniques. Research into smart drilling technology, modern exploration methods and drilling and borehole completion will also continue to occupy a prominent position. There are also plans to develop innovative systems to monitor operation of geothermal facilities, which will be able to control routine operation and predict the long-term behaviour of the systems. Another research topic will be system-specific inhibitors, designed to prevent scaling, for example. Grid integration of geothermal energy is an area of research that will also be supported in future, although it will mainly be funded in the systems optimisation priority funding area. Communication and acceptance studies will also have to be better integrated into research funding than was the case in the past. All activities pursue the common goal of establishing geothermal as a reliable renewable energy source in the energy mix of the future, with priority given to heat supply. 11.7.2 Government Funded R+D-Projects 11.7.2.1 International Research Project on Hot Rock Near the town of Soultz-sous-Forêts in Alsace, international research projects on hot dry rock systems (HDR) have been running since the 1990s and a geothermal power plant has been built. In a scheme that is unparalleled anywhere in the world, three new deep boreholes were drilled and an underground heat exchanger artificially created to set up a geothermal circulation system in natural dry rock. It consists of two reservoirs at depths of 3,500 and 5,000 m. The temperature of the circulating thermal water is around 180 °C, which means it is able to supply heat and also 122PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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