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Echogen Heat Engine Technology Echogen is currently commercializing a waste heat to power system through development of a proprietary thermal engine, which is entering the product introduction and customer demonstration phase of development for industrial markets. The breakthrough thermal engine technology is based on a waste heat to power cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as the working fluid. ScCO2 is environmentally benign, non-toxic, with favorable heat and mass transport properties. The higher energy density of ScCO2 reduces system component size and cost, and provides significant advantages regarding system efficiency, footprint, and ease of installation. Our patent-pending thermal engines can transform significant amounts of waste heat into electricity for applications ranging from bottom cycling in gas turbines, stationary diesel engine gensets, industrial waste heat recovery, solar thermal, geothermal, and hybrid alternatives to the internal combustion engine. Figure 1 is a simplified process flow diagram for the Echogen heat engine and consists of five main components: waste heat and recuperator heat exchangers, condenser, system pump, and expander. Ancillary components (valves and sensors) provide system monitoring and control. Heat energy is introduced through a waste heat exchanger installed into the exhaust stack for a turbine, diesel, other reciprocating engine, boiler, or other industrial heat source. The heated ScCO2 passes through a turbine where the waste heat is converted into mechanical shaft work to produce electricity. A recuperator recovers a portion of the residual heat while the remainder is discharged from the system through a water or air-cooled condenser. Operating conditions maintain the CO2 in a supercritical condition during the heat recovery and power generation portion of system cycle, and as a subcooled liquid at the pump inlet. The Echogen technology can provide integrated power, heating and cooling through a flexible system architecture which can be configured for power, co-generation or tri-generation. Over a two-year time period, Echogen successfully advanced its technology from initial concept to product prototypes. Prototype 1 (5 kW) (2008), based on NASA technology, was an absorption heat pump using CO2 and carrier fluid, and reduced to practice our approach to power generation. Prototype 2 (5 kW) (early 2009) utilized pure CO2, proved that a supercritical cycle heat engine could be built for commercial application, and established a development pathway for first product units. A 15 kW engineering unit was designed and built in 2009 to initially qualify the CO2 turbine design and scale-up for future commercial-scale systems. Having achieved the milestone of delivering positive net power output during initial testing, the 15 kW system currently provides a “wet rig” capability as an engineering lab-based system to enable Figure 1: Simplified process flow diagram for the Echogen heat engine. 2PDF Image | Transforming Waste Heat to Power through Development of a CO2
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