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Figure 1. The general aerial view of the Chena Hot Springs with well locations. The contour map shows the result of the 1979 study for the shallow (0.5 m) thermal anomaly. The contour interval is 5 °C with the outermost contour representing 10 °C. hot springs although no faults have been mapped so far (Kolker et al, 2007). The plutonic body is further classified with interfingering subunits consisting of coarse-grained granite, tonalite, granodiorites and diorite (Kolker et al., 2007). The interfingering character may indicate historic internal deformation within the pluton which resulted in the juxtaposition of different units. Slickensides and brecciation in the south edge of the valley also indicate the existence of shear zones within the pluton which may be responsible for the inferred southeast-trending faults or fractures. CHS is privately owned and has been used as a resort since 1907. Geothermal water with maximum temperature of 165 °F reaches the surface naturally and is used to heat pools, buildings, and running greenhouses. The thermal waters are also used to keep an ice hotel standing year-round using ammonia absorption chiller technique (Erickson et al., 2005). Since 2005, extensive exploration activities continue with the support of the Department of Energy as part of the Geothermal Resource Exploration and Definition (DOE-GRED) program in order to produce electricity from the geothermal system (Holdman et al., 2007). A power plant with 0.25 MW rating was installed and activated in August 2006 as a result of the first stage of the exploration activities. Due to the remoteness of the area, resort electricity was supplied by diesel generators at a very high cost. Although currently exploited water temperatures are moderate, off-the-grid location and low surface temperatures makes geothermal electricity production economically and physically feasible. Geothermal resource assessment of Chena Hot Springs started in 1973 as a M.S. thesis project in University of Alaska-Fairbanks (Biggar, 1973). Before this study, the only data were some geochemical studies of the hot springs by the USGS (Waring, 1917). Since then geochemical analysis of all hot springs, wells and creek water was done at various times. In general, the concentrations of dissolved solids are as low as 300-350 mg/l (Yoshikawa, 2006; Holdnam et al., 2007). An abnormally high concentration is only seen on flourine, reaching 19 ppm. Two end member compositions are the deep mineral rich geothermal waters in the western end and very dilute meteoric waters coming from Monument Creek eastern end. All other waters are mixtures of these two end members. In 1980, in order to investigate other geothermal anomalies around the Chena area, a regional study ofPDF Image | THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHENA HOT SPRINGS
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