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Determining the Optimum Solar Water Pumping System for Domestic Use, Livestock Watering or Irrigation Brian D. Vick USDA-Agricultural Research Service Conservation and Production Research Lab Bushland, TX 79012 E-mail: brian.vick@ars.usda.gov ABSTRACT For several years we have field tested many different types of solar powered water pumping systems. In this paper, several steps are given to select a solar-PV water pumping system. The steps for selection of stand-alone water pumping system were: deciding whether a wind or solar water pumping system would be best, determining the type of PV module, how controller can affect the decision, selecting pump type (diaphragm, piston, helical, or centrifugal), and analyzing the monthly water demand requirement. Three case studies are also included to demonstrate how to determine PV array size, motor/pump rated power, and type of pump. 1. INTRODUCTION For stand-alone (no utility interconnection) water pumping systems there have been papers published comparing diesel powered water pumping systems to solar-PV water pumping systems (1, 2). There are also papers on modeling and field testing of solar pumps in different locations in the world (3, 4, 5). However, there are very few papers on the following topics with regards to stand-alone water pumping: 1. Choosing between a wind or solar powered system. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of PV module types. 3. Controller characteristics (efficiency, reliability, price) for different systems. 4. Choosing the best pump based on daily water volume requirements and pumping depth. This paper will focus on the list of items above to help the reader in the selection of the best stand-alone water pumping system. Fig 1 shows a typical solar-PV water pumping system containing a PV array, disconnect R. Nolan Clark USDA-Agricultural Research Service Conservation and Production Research Lab Bushland, TX 79012 E-mail: nolan.clark@ars.usda.gov switches, controller, submersible motor with pump, and storage tank. Fig. 1. Schematic of Solar-PV Water Pumping System. At the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) near Bushland, TX, research has been conducted on wind powered watering pumping systems since 1978 and solar powered water pumping systems since 1992. Since our facility is in a semi-arid climate with a declining underground aquifer, our main focus has been to determine the most efficient way of pumping underground water for livestock, domestic use, and irrigation through use of wind energy, solar energy, or a combination of both. Several papers have been written on the performance of PV water pumping systems at CPRL including the following: 1. Performance of PV powered diaphragm pump (6, 7). 2. Comparison of wind to solar powered water pumping systems (8). 3. Fixed versus passive tracking PV panels (9, 11). 4. Performance of PV powered centrifugal pump (10). 5. Comparison of amorphous-silicon (a-Si) to cadmium-PDF Image | Solar Water Pumping for Home, Livestock Watering or Irrigation
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