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1 EP 2 573 317 A1 2 Description [0001] The invention relates to a rotor for a steam tur- bine, especially for solar-thermal power plants, in accord- ance with the preamble of independent claim 1. The in- vention further relates to a steam turbine with such a rotor and also to a method for operating a steam turbine. [0002] Especially for steam turbines with frequent (dai- ly) startup and shutdown cycles it is important, above all from a commercial perspective, to keep the startup times as short as possible. This applies especially to steam turbines which operate in the field of power generation by using concentrated solar radiation (solar-thermal technology). Since the period of solar radiation is limited however, optimum use must be made thereof. The long startup times previously needed are a result of the ne- cessity for the rotor and housing, including internal com- ponents, to be heated as evenly as possible in order to avoid rubbing damage caused by the rotor and/or hous- ing distortions. A similar situation obtains when the tur⎯ bine is shut down. Here, long after the disconnection from the electrical power network the turbine must continue to be heated by inflowing steam in order to avoid rubbing damage due to the distortion of the rotor and/or housing as a result of uneven cooling. [0003] Suitable measurement and calculation meth- ods as well as a material mass to be heated that is as small as possible are the basis of current attempts to keep the startup times as short as possible. In addition voluminous housing parts are heated up from the outside in the critical operating phases (startup/shutdown cycles) by heating mats. The heating mats are however not ca- pable of adequately heating the internal components and especially the rotor, so that an additional inflow of steam for heating up these components is needed which heats up the components by means of convective heat transfer. The applicant’s as yet unpublished German patent ap- plication 10 2011 00 5122 proposes heating the compo- nents of the steam turbine by means of inductive heating. Inductive heating allows rapid and even heating of all components of the steam turbine. The disadvantages of inductive heating however are the high level of technical complexity and the associated high costs. [0004] Based on the prior art, the object of the present invention is thus to provide a steam turbine rotor which can be heated up easily and quickly. A further object of the present invention is to provide a steam turbine having such a rotor. Finally the object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating such a steam turbine. [0005] The object is achieved in respect of the rotor by the features of independent claim 1. In respect of the steam turbine the object is achieved by the features of claim 9 and in respect of the method the object is achieved by the features of independent claim 10. [0006] Embodiments of the invention able to be used individually or in combination are the subject matter of the subclaims. [0007] The inventive rotor for a steam turbine, espe- cially for solar-thermal power plants, is characterized in that the rotor is embodied such that steam is able to flow through it at least in some areas. Having steam not only flowing around the outside of the rotor but also flowing through it at least in some areas results in greatly im- proved heat transfer from the steam to the rotor, enabling the latter to heat up much more quickly. The markedly quicker and more effective heating-up as a result of steam flowing through the rotor makes it possible to start up the steam turbine significantly more quickly. This al- lows the steam turbine to be coupled to the electrical network more quickly, whereby a greater efficiency and thus a more cost-effective operation of the steam turbine can be achieved. When the steam turbine is shut down the throughflow of steam through the rotor enables a more even cooling of the rotor to be achieved, as a result of which rubbing damage and/or housing or rotor distortions can be largely excluded. The operational reliability of the rotor and of the entire steam tur⎯ bine is greatly increased by this. [0008] One embodiment of the invention makes provi- sion for the rotor to have an axial hole through which steam is able to flow. The axial hole is able to be made in the rotor using simple means. In particular the axial hole can be produced in a simple manner during manu- facturing of the rotor by drilling or turning. Only a few production steps are necessary for this. The costs of in- corporating the axial hole are thus low. [0009] A further embodiment of the invention makes provision for at least one radial hole to open out into the axial hole. The radial hole enables the steam to flow from outside into the axial hole in a simple manner. The inflow in this case can be via a single radial hole or radial holes can be made spaced evenly around the circumference of the rotor, which makes a more uniform inflow of steam possible during the rotation of the rotor. The axial holes in their turn are able to be made easily, by drilling into the rotor for example. [0010] A further embodiment of the invention makes provision for regulation of the steam volume flow able to be fed to the rotor and/or removed from the rotor. The control of the inflow or outflow of the steam volume flow enables the heating of the rotor to be regulated. In this case the control should be undertaken in such a manner that the heat flow is sufficient to adequately heat the rotor, so that rotor distortion and thus rubbing damage during the operation of the steam turbine will be effectively pre- vented. [0011] An embodiment of the invention makes provi- sion for the steam volume flow to be able to be regulated by means of a valve or a closure element. The valve can be arranged in front of or behind the inflow to the rotor. Preferably the valve is controlled by means of an open-loop or closed-loop control unit. The closure ele- ment can for example be arranged movably within the rotor in the axial hole. The closure element can in this case be moved within the axial hole so that it can close off an inflow opening completely or partly and regulates 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 2PDF Image | Rotor for a steam turbine
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