PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
Exergy Efficient Application of LNG Cold Lydia Stougiea and Hedzer J. van der Kooia a Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Abstract: The worldwide demand for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is growing, which results in numerous LNG import terminals being under construction. In the interest of sustainable development, it is important to decide carefully upon which technology to apply for evaporating the LNG to natural gas. Three options for the evaporation of LNG have been investigated and analysed: a system that uses the waste heat from a coal-fired power plant to evaporate LNG, an integrated system consisting of LNG evaporation, air separation and a coal-fired oxy-fuel power plant, and a system in which LNG evaporation is combined with electricity production through a thermodynamic cycle. The oxy-fuel option appeared to be preferable with regard to the results of the exergy analysis, but it is not yet sure whether this option is the most sustainable of the three options. A more detailed analysis is needed before conclusions can be drawn upon the effects of involving exergy analysis in the choice between the three options for LNG evaporation. Keywords: Electricity production, Exergy, LNG evaporation, Sustainability. 1. Introduction The import of LNG, Liquefied Natural Gas, is one of the ways to fulfil the growing demand for energy carriers and the desire to diversify the origin of these energy carriers, especially for countries without or with limited natural resources of energy carriers. Worldwide, numerous LNG import terminals are under construction. One of the issues that has to be dealt with when realizing a new LNG import terminal, is the heat required for evaporation, also called ‘regasification’, of the LNG from minus 162 °C to about plus 2 °C. Several options exist, varying from heating with seawater in ‘open rack vaporizers’ and using the waste heat from a power plant, to integrating the LNG terminal with an air separation unit or combining the evaporation process with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to produce electricity. Some options are currently being applied in practice, while other options have been mentioned in literature only. In the interest of sustainable development it is important to decide carefully upon which technology to apply for the evaporation of LNG; the amount of LNG and the corresponding heat requirement is usually large. However, it is difficult to compare the several options with respect to the many issues that play a role. Examples of issues to be taken into account are environmental impact, investment costs and the consequences of integration with other technologies, like availability, reliability and interdependency. According to literature, e.g. [1], a relation exists between sustainability and exergy. In this research three options for the evaporation of LNG have been analysed. These options are a system that uses the waste heat from a coal-fired power plant to evaporate LNG, an integrated system consisting of LNG evaporation, air separation and a coal-fired oxy-fuel power plant, and a system in which LNG evaporation is combined with electricity production through a thermodynamic cycle. The consequences of involving exergy in choosing between the various options have been investigated with respect to making LNG evaporation more sustainable. 2. The exergy of LNG cold Exergy is called a measure for the quality of energy. It can be defined as the maximum amount of work that can be obtained when a substance, mass flow or other amount of energy, is brought into total equilibrium with the (reference) environment. Nowadays many people are focused on energy saving, but it is the work potential – the exergy amount – that we need to carry out the things we want to do. Every process is accompanied with exergy losses, losses that cannot be made visible with energy analyses because energy cannot be lost nor created according to the first law of thermodynamics. Corresponding Author: Lydia Stougie, Email: l.stougie@tudelft.nl In: D. Favrat & F. Maréchal (eds.), ECOS2010: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation, and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, 14 – 17 June 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland, Volume II, pp. 441-446.PDF Image | Exergy Efficient Application of LNG Cold
PDF Search Title:
Exergy Efficient Application of LNG ColdOriginal File Name Searched:
Exergy_Efficient_Application_of_LNG_Cold___Stougie__Van_der_Kooi___ECOS2010.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |