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7.1 Introduction 7.2 Electric Power Generation Chapter 7 Energy Conversion Systems – Options and Issues This section presents energy conversion (EC) systems appropriate for fluids obtained from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). A series of EC systems are given for a variety of EGS fluid conditions; temperature is the primary variable and pressure is the secondary variable. The EC systems used here are either directly adapted from conventional hydrothermal geothermal power plants or involve appropriate modifications. In certain cases, ideas have been borrowed from the fossilfuel power industry to cope with special conditions that may be encountered in EGS fluids. In most – but not all – cases, pressures are assumed sufficient to maintain the geofluid as a compressed liquid (or dense, supercritical fluid) through the EGS reservoir and well system, and up 73 to the entry to the powergenerating facility. For each case, we have: (a) Identified the most appropriate energy conversion system. (b) Determined the expected net power per unit mass flow in kW/(kg/s). (c) Determined the mass flow required for 1, 10, and 50 MW plants. (d) Estimated the installed cost of the power plants. Table 7.1 summarizes the preferred energy conversion systems for the five cases. Note that the first two cases are relatively lowtemperature applications, which may not apply to a hightemperature EGS system, but would apply instead to one of the “targetsofopportunity” – namely, coproduced aqueous fluids from oil and gas operations. The last case is that of a supercritical dense fluid that could present engineering and economic challenges owing to the high pressures involved, necessitating expensive heavyduty piping and other materials. Several applications are considered. These range from existing “targetsofopportunity” associated with the coproduction of hot aqueous fluids from oil and gas wells to very hot, ultrahighpressure geofluids produced from very deep EGS reservoirs. Although electricity generation is our principal goal, we also discuss directheat applications and cogeneration systems, which use the available energy in the EGS fluid for electricity generation and direct heat. Thermodynamic analyses are carried out, sample plantflow diagrams and layouts are presented for typical applications at both actual and hypothetical sites, and estimates are made for the capital cost of installing the power plants. To cover a wide range of EGS fluids, we consider five cases of a geofluid at the following temperatures: (1) 100°C; (2) 150°C; (3) 200°C; (4) 250°C; (5) 400°C.PDF Image | Energy Conversion Systems
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