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ORC systems have low thermal efficiency due to use of low-grade, low temperature heat for power generation. And any improvement in efficiency by changing the working fluid without major modifications to the existing system would directly correlate to a lower cost per kW and shorter investment return times. In addition the capability of using a low GWP fluid in an existing ORC system provides additional environmental and regulatory benefits. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of one such low GWP fluid R1233zd as a drop in replacement working fluid for an existing R245fa based ORC system. We evaluate the cycle performance of each fluid with exiting turbine hardware and later make a comparison of both R245fa. Fluid Property Molar Mass Critical Pressure Critical Temperature GWP Boiling Point @ 1 atm the fluids being used. Table 1 compares the properties of R1233zd with 2546, Page 2 Units [kg/kmol] [kPa] [C] [-] [C] R1233zd 130.5 3570.9 165.6 6 18.7 R245fa 134.1 3651.2 950.0 950 15.1 Table 1: Fluid properties of R1233zd and R1233zd 2. R245fa BASED ORC SYSTEM OVERVIEW The R245fa system was derived from R134a variable-speed compressor. The compressor housing had a rated pressure of 2200 kPa (a). A design pressure of 2000 kPa (a) was selected for the R245fa based ORC system which corresponds to a turbine inlet saturation temperature of 121.9 °C. And a condenser saturation temperature of 30 °C was selected for design. At these conditions the turbine was designed to produce 75 kW output at the shaft. Figure 1 and 2 show pictures of the rotor and nozzle. Figure 1: Radial inflow rotor Figure 2: Fixed vane nozzle for 75 kW The turbine has a radial inflow rotor with a fixed vane nozzle designed for chocked flow at the throat. The nozzle throat area corresponds to a chocked flow capable of producing 75 kW at the turbine design inlet and exit conditions. The turbine specific speed is 0.71 with rotor speed of 35000 rpm. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 80 %. 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014PDF Image | Comparing R1233zd and R245fa for Low Temperature ORC Applications
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