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Comparing R1233zd and R245fa for Low Temperature ORC Applications Bala V. DATLA1*, Joost J. BRASZ2 1Verdicorp, Tallahassee, FL, USA E-mail: bala.datla@verdicorp.com 2Syracuse Turbo Machinery LLC, Syracuse, NY, USA E-mail: syracuseturbomachinery@gmail.com * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT The majority of recently introduced Organic Rankine Cycle systems use R245fa as working fluid. The lower saturation pressures of R245fa versus R134a allowed the use of existing Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning electric motors, compressors, evaporators and condensers after minor modifications as ORC electric generators, turbines/expanders, boilers and condensers. At elevated saturation temperatures R245fa turbine/expander equipment matches the power density of R134a HVAC compressors equipment. Refrigerants with still lower saturation pressures such as R123 and the newly developed low Global Warming Potential fluid DR2 are excellent ORC working fluids but lack the synergy that exists in terms of power density between existing R134a compressors and their R245fa turbine derivatives. The use of these fluids in ORC applications prevents the use of existing HVAC compressor/motor hardware. Recently, a new refrigerant R1233zd has been introduced as a low GWP alternative for R245fa. This paper analyses the effect of this new fluid as a drop-in for R245fa into an existing 75 kW variable-speed, oil-free low temperature ORC system. The somewhat lower saturation pressure and vapor density of R1233zd allows a somewhat higher boiling temperature at maximum operating pressure, resulting in 8.7% higher cycle efficiency at equal capacity. 1. INTRODUCTION The use of refrigeration equipment in Organic Rankine Cycle systems helps transfer cost benefits realized through economics of scale from Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning equipment manufacturing. The majority of recently introduced small capacity < 250 kW electric power output ORC systems using heat source temperatures in the range of 200 0C to 120 0C use R245fa as working fluid to be able to take advantage of these cost benefits by adapting existing HVAC electric motors, compressors, evaporators and condensers after minor modifications as ORC electric generators, turbines/expanders, boilers and condensers. The lower cost realized through manufacturing scale of HVAC equipment allows for small capacity installation of ORC systems to be price attractive to customers as pointed out by Brasz and Holdmann (2005). When using HVAC equipment for an ORC system, the rated pressure and temperature of the equipment dictates the ORC turbine inlet temperatures and pressures, as such for turbines/expanders derived from a medium pressure R134a based compressors, an ORC working fluid should have lower critical pressure and higher temperatures to be able to operate at higher evaporation temperatures and realize a higher thermal efficiency out of the system. In addition the working fluid should have a similar power density to R134a to be able to use the compressor hardware with minor modifications. Most of the ORC systems introduced using this hardware have R245fa as the working fluid, with a moderate Global Warming Potential of 950, matching power density, while its lower critical pressure at higher temperature allows for reasonable system thermal efficiency. Recently lower GWP fluids like R1233zd, DR-2 with thermo physical properties close to R245fa have been introduced. 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014 2546, Page 1PDF Image | Comparing R1233zd and R245fa for Low Temperature ORC Applications
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