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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( advanced-nuclear-power-technology-program-supercritical-carb )

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version - the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle offers a more efficient, significantly simpler and more compact alternative to the superheated steam cycle. It is also considerably simpler than the helium Brayton cycle. At 550oC it achieves 46% thermal efficiency, which is the same as the helium Brayton cycle at 800oC This allows initial deployment of the cycle at lower temperatures (550oC) and one can subsequently improve the cycle efficiency as more operating experience and higher temperatures become available. CO2 has been used in British AGRs for more than 20 years at core exit temperatures up to 650oC. At this temperature the cycle achieves a thermal efficiency of around 50%. Electricity generated by this cycle can be used for hydrogen production by high temperature electrolysis. Even though there has been considerable prior research done in the area of supercritical CO2 cycles a detailed feasibility study that performs a full-scope cycle optimization, component design, economic analysis and control scheme development is lacking. The main objective of this work is to select the most promising carbon dioxide Brayton cycle suitable for advanced nuclear reactor applications. The cycle should be economically attractive and readily applicable (in direct or indirect versions) to next generation nuclear reactors having core outlet temperatures above 500oC. 13.1.1 Optimization Methodology The optimization methodology presented is centered around the example of the simple supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle (see Figure 13.1 for the examined version) with turbine inlet temperature of 550oC, turbine efficiency of 90% and compressor efficiency of 89%. Optimization methodology can be in general applied to any cycle layout; only the amount of parameters open for optimization will be different. In this case the optimized parameters are cycle pressure ratio, optimum values of recuperator and pre- cooler length and the optimum split of the total heat exchanger volume between the recuperator and the pre-cooler. The goal of the optimization is to achieve the highest possible efficiency given the total plant heat exchanger volume. The heat exchanger volume split affects the effectiveness of the recuperator and the pumping power in the pre-cooler and these two parameters have to be balanced so as not to have an overly large 270

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