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improves its efficiency over the helium cycle. This is due to the flatter isobaric lines in the case of CO2, since they are affected by the vicinity of the critical point. This is the main reason why the supercritical CO2 cycle is very efficient even at medium temperatures. The low compressor work (~ 30% of the turbine output, vs. ~ 44% in the case of helium) makes intercooling unattractive. This significantly simplifies the cycle design since no intercoolers have to be introduced. In the helium cycle each intercooler requires a separate cooling water line and additional support systems. Even though intercoolers are not likely to be large, they increase the complexity of the system. If the standard 880oC helium cycle is compared to the CO2 cycle we can observe that the mean temperature of heat rejection is significantly higher in the case of the helium cycle. This is beneficial in the precooler design for the helium cycle, as the higher temperature difference between the working fluid and cooling water reduces the required size of the precooler and its pressure drop. On the other hand, the lower sensitivity of the supercritical CO2 cycle to the pressure drop mitigates this drawback. In general, the precooler design is not a significant problem for the CO2 cycle because the improvement of the heat transfer coefficient close to the critical point is another beneficial factor. 12.1.1 Helium Brayton Cycle with Multiple Re-heat and Inter-cooling The preceding section compared the basic thermodynamic features of the supercritical CO2 cycle and the helium Brayton cycles (with 1 to 3 stages of inter- cooling). Recently, proposals for multiple re-heat and inter-cooled helium Brayton cycles for a molten salt (MS) cooled reactor have appeared in the literature [Peterson, 2003]. This work claims that a three times re-heated and inter-cooled helium Brayton cycle is capable of achieving overall cycle efficiency around 44% at 600oC and thus can be considered a competitor to the supercritical CO2 cycle at this lower temperature range. The high temperature design of this work is claimed to have an overall cycle efficiency up to 54%. A summary of their results and assumptions is presented in Table 12.2. The code CYCLES was exercised using these assumptions to recalculate the results and 258PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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