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Trends, Challenges and Opportunities Ways forward: To increase the benefit of CDM projects, well-functioning institutional structures are imperative. In particular, clear rules regarding the granting of approvals to the projects within pre- determined timelines could help reduce the risk for private investors. For their part, investors can contribute by integrating multiple revenue streams in one project, thereby increasing the viability and resilience of the business model. At the same time, projects must align with local development needs, as perceived by public institutions and local communities. Therefore, local communities and the public have to be integrated in CDM procedures and their political influence over CDM policy has to be strengthened to promote sustainable development (GCD 2011). Source: Iain Henderson (UNEP FI) According to research undertaken by the UNEP Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), there remains much untapped potential for CDM projects to promote renewable energy and other types of low-carbon technologies in developing countries. The uptake of CDM projects, especially in Africa, has been limited (Brittlebank 2012); UNEP FI observes a general geographical disparity among the regions that are making use of the opportunity of CDM exports: “Africa may come third in the absolute number of CDM projects in the pipeline, but considering its size, it scores worst of all regions of the world as measured by certified emission reductions (CERs) in the pipeline per capita...To date more than 4,200 CDM projects are in the global pipeline. They are expected to generate 2.9 billion CERs by 2012. However, the current distribution of projects is uneven, with 75 per cent of registered projects located in the Asia Pacific and less than 1 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa...” (UNEP 2012c). In any case, proposals for further developing and utilising such trading schemes and project-based mechanisms need to be carefully scrutinised to ensure that they are facilitating environmental goals and meet additionality criteria. In this context, the Gold Standard is one of the mechanisms that can ensure environmental credibility. Box 16. New CDM Loan Scheme A new loan scheme was launched at the African Carbon Forum in April 2012 aimed at supporting CDM projects in LDCs, particularly those in Africa. The CDM Loan Scheme will provide interest- free loans for CDM projects in LDCs as well as countries that have fewer than ten registered CDM projects. The scheme is run jointly by the UNFCCC, the UNEP Risoe Centre and the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). The loan scheme will be extended to projects that meet a number of criteria including: • A high probability of registration with the UNFCCC; • A reasonable outlook to generate at least 7,500 CERs per year for projects in LDCs and 15,000 CERs per year for projects in other developing countries; and • Documentation that is developed with an experienced CDM consultant. The CDM Loan Scheme received applications from 42 projects in 23 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and Africa. With 29 projects, Africa accounts for the bulk of applications. The types of projects submitted were equally varied. There were 22 applications for programmes of activities, covering mainly cook stove and small-scale biogas projects. Applications for 11 large-scale projects covering a wide range of technologies and sectors, including transport, methane avoidance and renewable electricity, were also received. Source: CDM Loan Scheme, Website 243 Renewable EnergyPDF Image | Renewable Energy
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