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and Trade Developing countries have seen significant growth in exports of renewable energy supply products – in particular, solar panels, wind hydraulic turbines and solar water heaters – and a number of developing country firms have already gained significant market shares. In 2009, China exported over US$ 10 billion worth in solar panels and cells, more than twice as much as the second biggest exporter and almost 80 times the value China exported only ten years earlier, when it was not even among the top five world exporters (UN 2012e). China is now the world’s largest producer and exporter of solar photovoltaics (REN 2011). In 2011, China exported solar panels and key components worth around € 21 billion to the EU (EC 2012b). India hosts several large solar manufacturers such as Moser Baer Photovoltaic Ltd, Tata BP Solar, Central Electronics Ltd and Reliance Industries. Indian firms manufactured solar PV modules and systems with a total generating capacity of 335 megawatt power (MWp) up to March 2007, of which 225 MWp were reportedly exported (Kalmbach 2011). In the wind energy sector, the Indian company Suzlon Energy is the world’s third largest supplier of components to operators, with over six per cent of global market share. For further details on renewable energy trade opportunities and challenges in India, see Box 11.45 Box 11. India – exports of renewable energy supply components India has the world’s fifth largest national electricity demand and is expected to become the third largest consumer in the world by 2030 (IEA 2011b). To meet elevated national electricity demands with abundant and sustainable supply, India enforced its national Electricity Act 2003, aimed to increase industry investments in renewable energy supply technology and to grow the national manufacturing sector. In addition, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has established tariff orders designed to support renewable energy development while balancing investment interests, electricity needs and climate change issues. These measures have led to an extensive growth in the national production and use of renewable energy. India’s most mature renewable energy sector is wind energy, accounting for 70 per cent of domestic renewable installations, with an annual compound growth rate of 26 per cent (REN 2011). Indian wind power installations make up an increasing share of seven per cent of global wind capacity. While contributing to climate change mitigation and national electrification, renewable electricity generation from wind technology has created 13-15 jobs per megawatt, adding to an overall 15,000 direct jobs. The nascent Indian exports of wind turbines and components account for 12.2 per cent of global trade in wind technology. The largest wind-related Indian export item is wind-powered electric generating sets4, the key single-use item identified as being used exclusively for the production of wind energy. The sets featured as India’s single largest export item for three consecutive years (2006-08) and reached a total export volume of US$ 651 million in 2008. Overall, exports in renewable energy for the period 2004-08 have witnessed faster average annual growth rates (51.9 per cent) than imports (33.2 per cent). This signals the steady diminution of India’s trade deficit (e.g. US$ 810 million in 2008) for products related to renewable energy (EXIM-BoI 2011). While mainly focusing on wind-related exports, India’s renewable energy sector has also achieved strong growth in the export of other renewable energy technologies. For example, between 2004 and 2008, the value of Indian photovoltaic appliance5 exports grew from US$ 85 million to US$ 529 million, accounting for approximately 40 per cent of overall global PV system and component exports in 2008. The recent growth in India’s renewable energy sector and the enacted policy support schemes and tariff orders for renewables have placed India among the best investment destinations for renewable energy equipment manufacturers and service providers, third only to China and the United States (Ernst & Young 2011). While much has been achieved in terms of national renewable energy facilitation, India faces further challenges and untapped opportunities, especially concerning trade in renewable energy technology. Facilitative renewable energy policy has primarily focused on the needs of India’s domestic market while further action is needed to foster exports by yielding the necessary financial guarantees that allow manufacturers to expand investments. Source: Gaurav Gandhi and Chintan Shah of Suzlon Energy Ltd 234 4. HS 850231 (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System).. 5. HS 854140 (Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System).PDF Image | Renewable Energy
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