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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. can displace natural gas in many applications. This creates a high value for the biomass and could solve the many issues related to the thermal biomass conversion, such as particulate emissions. Prehydrolysis of biomass to produce furfural and CL is economically attractive at the lower feedstock cost, but not at a harvesting cost of $106 per bdt. Briquetting using prehydrolysis is a technology that can also work at the small-scale, decentralised level. Like distributed CHP systems, these applications may find possible investment for their development, provided a stable market can be developed for the briquettes. Addressing biomass handling and impurities upstream of any process may prove to be strategically better in the long run as Canada tries to emerge a leader in the bioproducts and bioenergy economy. Bio-Liquid: The ABRI bio-liquid system was selected for review because it has been developed specifically to be modular, sized suitable for relocation and designed to meet the flexibility requirements that bugwood applications would demand. Design details that are developed for the Ontario demonstration plant may clarify its suitability for use with BC bugwood. The bio-liquid production approach was unable to show profitability of at least 10% under the costing scenarios of this study. As with other technologies, this is largely due to the very high cost attributed to bugwood harvesting. Without the inclusion of harvesting costs, the bio-liquid facility shows a strong ROI. If the ABRI system were implemented in a situation where harvesting costs were attributed to an alternate operation (such as a sawmill), then it may show itself to be a profitable technology to implement. Likewise, if it becomes feasible to extract high- value chemicals from bio-liquid to increase plant revenues with additional streams of income, this technology may fare better in comparison to the other options examined. CHP: Combined heat and power systems will find bugwood to be feasible as a feedstock in many situations. Unlike higher-end uses such as lumber or pulp chips, the heat content of bugwood remains available through combustion unless or until the material decays. Moreover the same systems that would combust In the early 1990s the Cree of Oujé-Bougoumou built a new community designed to include a biomass-fired district heating system. Although a combined heat and power system was not then available and cost-effective, the heat only system bugwood can be used to combust other materials such as green wood, underbrush, construction waste and refuse derived fuels as well as non-renewable fuels. Thus CHP systems that are commissioned to use bugwood can continue to be used in the future if the bugwood resource is eventually proved effective. Currently the village proudly consumed. Investments into CHP systems publicizes its history, culture, people and home; are not limited to the continued existence of bugwood. including details of their community energy system. CHP systems have limited application Source:www.ouje.ca/content/our-story/energy.php suitability. They offer the greatest benefit for off-grid communities where they are used to displace diesel generated power and where they feed a district heat system that displaces heating oil. For on-grid communities, CHP increases the stability of power and its security of supply. For most communities CHP would introduce a new concept of energy planning. It would offer extensive benefits of reduced pollution (smell, noise, spill and emissions of diesels), reduced cost (removing subsidies), affordable new community services and business ventures, added employment (related to harvesting bugwood, to new services and new ventures) and reduced wildfire threat (preferential mechanical treatment of forest interface land). Such communities may not consume vast quantities of bugwood but will clear and reforest the nearest bugwood to restore the surrounding lands. Box 3 discusses the community systems approach to energy. Page 90 Box 3 Oujé-Bougoumou District HeatPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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