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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. transport cost for pellets, transporting unprocessed logs appears to be the cheaper option. (Note that this cost could be reduced if the hauling company can take a load on the return trip.) Table 5.2.1 Cost Comparison of 1 GJ Delivered by Truck at a Distance of 500 km (+150 km Feedstock Transport to Plant) Product Harvesting & Transport Loading Transport Unloading Total GJ HHV Wood $4.86 1 Pellets** $4.86 1 Briquettes $5.17 1.06 Bio-liquid $8.84 1.82 Methanol $12.63 2.60 Meth. (H2) $5.16 1.06 Ethanol $4.23 0.87 SNG $7.25 1.49 GJ Kg HHV bdt $10.77 1 44.1 - $0.88 $5.44 1 44.1 - $0.88 $19.94 1 33.7 - $0.67 Processing Cost*** $0.65 1 $1.25 1 49.3 $2.29 $2.19 1 52.6 - $1.16 $2.27 1 40.4 $0.20 $1.27 49.3 n/a $9.84 1 -000 $3.20 incl. $8.71 $8.41 - $0.20 (buyer) (buyer) (buyer) $8.52 $12.78 $24.29 $11.48 $24.84 $17.09 * Chipping: cost is assumed to be $5/m3. Note that chipping would only take place AFTER transportation to the coal plant, as the density of trees is higher than that of chips. ** Not de-barked, hence same HHV as wood feedstock. *** Salaries, O&M, utilities, plus capital cost, amortized over 10 years at 10% interest. Table 5.2.2 Wood Pellets** Briquettes Ethanol SNG Cost Comparison of 1 GJ Delivered by Train at a Distance of 1,000 km (+150 km Feedstock Transport to Plant by Truck) Product Harvesting & Transport Loading Transport Unloading Total $4.86 $4.86 $5.17 $4.23 $7.25 GJ HHV 1 1 1.06 $0.65 $1.25 $2.19 GJ Kg HHV bdt 1 49.3 0.49 $1.33 (buyer) (buyer) (buyer) (buyer) $7.33 $7.35 $9.04 $25.69 $17.09 Processing Cost*** - $1.23 - $1.68 - $1.52 0.87 $19.94 1.49 $9.84 1 49.3 1 52.6 1 33.7 1 -000 Figure 5.2.1 compares the costs of the bugwood processing technology options included in this study. The left bars show the ROI achieved at a feedstock cost of $68.55/bdt, and the right ones show the ROI achieved at a harvesting cost of $106/bdt. The ROI deemed necessary to attract private investment is 10%. Processes with an ROI below 10% would require an incentive (or feedstocks at a reduced cost) to become economically viable. At the assumed plant sizes, several technologies can achieve the required ROI at the lower feedstock cost. However, especially the results for ethanol and methanol production (based on the Indirect Fluidized Gasification and hydrogen process options) are still preliminary and would need to be confirmed through technology demonstration. At the higher feedstock cost, only methanol with hydrogen enrichment and off-grid CHP seem to be able to generate the required return, with ethanol coming close at 7% ROI. However, there are a few remote (off-grid) communities in the BC Interior (i.e., the bugwood application in off-grid systems is not likely to be implemented in many places). Briquettes and on-grid CHP can achieve and ROI of around zero percent at the high feedstock cost (-0.7% for CHP), but economics are insufficient to attract private investment. Page 83PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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