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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. serving as acidic wash to remove NH3), a neutral wash to remove sulphur, halogens and ammonia content, and guard beds to fully control sulphur and halogen concentrations. The gas is then compressed to 15 bar before entering the methanation unit, which is based on the Lurgi coal-to-SNG process. Reaction heat is used to produce 40-bar steam and to preheat boiler feed water. The product gas is then cooled to 10°C, using heat exchangers and cooling water. An electric cooler brings the gas within specifications to comply with the -10°C dew-temperature requirement. Finally, a Selexol unit removes CO2 from the gas (89.2% efficiency). Some of the separated CO2 is used as a transport gas to insert biomass into the gasifier. The synthetic natural gas can then be fed into the pipeline grid at 15 bar and 20°C. Table 4.7.1 shows that gas cleanup is a major component of the process. Specifications for BC pipelines only exist for a few of the parameters listed; European limits were therefore used for the ones missing. Several gas cleaning steps need to be integrated to achieve the stringent specifications for gas pipelines. There are no specifications for nitrogen or hydrogen in natural gas pipelines in BC, but it is expected that only a few percent of hydrogen can be tolerated due to corrosion problems and possible complications with burners in home heating units. The criterion for CO2 (2%) cannot be achieved with the proposed technology. While this could be a “deal stopper” it may be possible to allow for some SNG with these specifications to enter the BC pipeline network, as long as the gas is mixed and can reach the 2% threshold in combination with fossil natural gas. Table 4.7.1 Anticipated Synthetic Natural Gas Quality and Pipeline Specifications Compared to Methanation Step Requirements and the Untreated Syngas [ECN 2003; TC 2005] Requirement SNG 23 mg/m3 Anticipated Quality CO2 CO H2 O2 H2O Wobbe index [Vol.-%] [mol.%] [mol.%] [Vol.-%] [MJ/Nm3] 2.0 8.9 <0.8 0.06 a few % 1.95 <0.4 - Dew point <-10°C OK 4.7.4 Energy Balance Based on ECN 2003, the overall process efficiency of the wood-to-SNG conversion is 67%. 33% of the feedstock energy is used for processing, including internal electricity production (Figure 4.7.4). The process uses 109.5 kWh of external electricity. No extra energy is required Page 76 CH4: 87.6% <1000 <1 <10 <0.01 <0.5 <500 0.1 <0.01 36.94 43.74 N2: 1.44% HHV: 42.64 MJ/kgPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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