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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. Small-scale CHP is a direct conversion of bugwood to its final use. It does not produce an interim fuel form to be further converted by another user. This implies that CHP systems require local users. Although it is possible to locate distributed generation plants that feed into the provincial power grid, they must be associated with a heat user to maintain satisfactory economics or incentives would be needed to offset the high cost of harvesting. The heat use of CHP systems has a marked effect on favourable economics. As was noted previously, there is typically a relative balance between heat consumption and power consumption. This balance makes local users a synergistic opportunity for small-scale CHP with limited excess power available to feed the general power grid. 4.3.6 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Implications The effects of small-scale CHP on GHG emissions can be quite dramatic. Where power generated is used to displace grid power in B.C. the GHG implications are minimal. B.C. has predominantly hydro-electric power which does not have a significant GHG footprint. However, where CHP systems are used to displace diesel generated power, the GHG reduction equates to approximately 800 tonnes of GHG per GWe-hr. The heat component of small-scale CHP systems is used to displace fossil fuels. Natural gas, propane and heating oil are the typical fuels used for space heating. Natural gas in larger, well-served areas produces approximately 49.7 tonnes of GHG per TeraJoule of heat (tonne/TJ). Propane will emit approximately 30.9 tonnes/TJ and heating oil will emit 86.1 tonnes/TJ. Two small-scale CHP scenarios were evaluated in this report for GHG emission implications (see Figure 4.3.9). They represent the two extreme situations but strictly with respect to emissions; not for economic or other aspects. The first scenario represents implementing a 2 MWe CHP system connected to provincial grid power and displacing natural gas used for heat. The second scenario represents implementing a 2 MWe CHP system displacing diesel generated power and heating oil. Both of these systems are assumed to operate at 95% output with 50% of the available heat being used productively. 0.200 0.000 -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 -1.000 On-Grid Power Natural Gas Heat Off-Grid Diesel Power Heating Oil Transport to plant Harvesting GHG from Heat displacement GHG from Power displacement Figure 4.3.9 GHG Emission Reductions for Two CHP Applications Page 47 t CO2 per bdt of feedstockPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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