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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. the cost tables below (Table 4.3.1 to Table 4.4.1) to indicate the effects of scale as well as off- grid and on-grid applications. For district heating systems, significant costs can be caused by the construction of the heat distribution system. The costs displayed in the following tables do not include this cost, as it varies depending on the size and location of the plant. The capital cost therefore applies to a situation where an industrial user can use the heat in the immediate vicinity of the plant. The 250 kWe CHP plant is assumed to be used in a small remote forest community. In this scenario the community is powered by a diesel generator with most buildings using heating oil. The value of power and imported oil can vary significantly in different communities based on location and access. Most power is subsidized in some manner but the true costs are high. This analysis used 18¢/kWh for power and 60¢/litre for heating oil. It is expected that such a community would use material harvested locally. This analysis used an average of 30 km for transport of feedstock. Only 50% of the annual heat produced is used for space heating; the remainder is rejected through air heat exchangers. The diesel generator will be retained for peaking power needs, but strongly reduced in output (or replaced by a smaller unit). Table 4.3.1 Annual Cost Overview for a 250 kWe Entropic CHP Plant (21 m3/day @ 95% utilization “off-grid”) Cdn$ per year Comments Capital cost $ 800,000 Total of all equipment Salaries $ 80,000 Based on Annual Salaries table Maintenance $ 80,000 10% of annual capital cost Feedstock harvesting $ 199,666 Harvesting cost only (@ $69/bd tonne) Feedstock transport (30km) $ 42,020 Truck transport ($4/m3 + $4.5/100km) Annualized Cost $ 401,685 Electrical Power Sales $ 374,490 2,081 MW-hr @ $180 /MWe 'off-grid' Heat Sales (50% utilization) $ 281,250 468,750 litres @$.6/ litre heating oil Incentives $ 20,805 RPPI ($10/MWh) Carbon Credits $ 39,958 0.51 t/MWh + 86.1 t/TJ @ $15/tonne Annualized Revenue $ 716,503 Profit $ 314,818 ROI 37.75% IRR over 10 years Profit ($40/m3) $ 205,737 ROI ($40/m3) 22.27% The 2 MWe CHP “on-grid” plant is assumed to be used to feed power into the provincial power distribution grid. This scenario assumes that the system is located where a portion of its heat can still be used productively. Such an application may serve at an industrial site or larger urban location. For this system, it is assumed that feedstock is transported an average of 100 km to bring it to site. This analysis serves to illustrate the comparison of on-grid and off-grid applications. The 2 MWe CHP “off-grid” plant is assumed to be used in a larger remote forest community where local industry adds to the power requirement. As with the small CHP scenario, the community is powered by a diesel generator with most buildings using heating oil. The value of power and imported oil was accepted as 18¢/kWhr for power and 60¢/litre for heating oil. It is expected that such a community would also use material harvested locally although going slightly further for its harvest. This analysis used an average of 50 km for transport of Page 45PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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