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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. million hectares of the province in 2004 [BCFS 2005]. Of this total, about two million hectares showed trace amounts of attack, meaning that less than one per cent of the trees in a mapped area have been killed recently. The other five million hectares represented light-to-severe levels of attack (anything greater than one per cent). This means that there will be areas with very high concentrations of bugwood, and others with low concentrations, suggesting the use of mobile installations to process the wood in various locations in order to recover its energy. Box 1 identifies some issues with using bugwood instead of “green” wood from healthy trees in sawmills – although the ability to use bugwood in sawmills will vary based on the end product being manufactured and the degree of deterioration of the log. Conventional uses of the wood are working at full capacity at the elevated cut level [CFS 2004]. It would also be an unsustainable strategy to let this industry grow in the short term, seeing that the bugwood resource is finite and job losses are likely to ensue in the future, once the resource is used up: Current estimates of timber supply are that after 15 years (2020) the AAC will drop 4.5 million m3 below pre-outbreak levels [ibid.]. Realizing this context, on April 14, 2004, the BC Government issued a request for expressions of interest to utilise the bugwood in the Quesnel, Vanderhoof and Burns Lake areas. It was estimated that an additional 40 million cubic metres could be available in these areas over the next ten years. Following this call, C.H. Andersen was granted a license in 2005 to harvest 10.5 million m3 of bugwood in the Prince George and Quesnel timber supply areas, over a period of ten years. The company intends to build up to four pellet plants in the BC Interior, and ship the pellets by train to Squamish for export to Europe. Two other 15-year forest licences, totalling 21 million m3, were awarded to Ainsworth Lumber for the production of oriented fibreboard.1 This represents about 50% of the 4.7 million m3 uplift (annual) in the Quesnel/Vanderhoof area. 2.2 Harvesting of Bugwood Pine stands are usually intermingled with other species of trees. This means that any activity to increase the harvest of bugwood will also increase the harvest of other tree species unaffected by the pine beetle epidemic: on average, for every 0.75 m3 of non-recovered losses (bugwood) that are saved by increasing harvest levels, 1.0 m3 of non-pine volume is harvested as an “incidental by-catch”. At current harvesting levels, the Ministry of Forest [BCFS 2005] assumes the harvest in the 21 affected Timber Supply Areas over the next 20 years will consist of: Non pine: Live pine: Sawlog quality dead pine: 490 million m3 170 million m3 250 million m3 1 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/ads.htm Box 1 Problems with Using Bugwood in Sawmills It has been noted that mill workers change their sawing practices when processing beetle-killed pine. The sawyer intentionally slabs heavier than normal to remove the outer sapwood, and edging methods are altered. Grade recovery and lumber yield are thus substantially reduced. Walters and Weldon (1982a) reported that trees dead for 90 days in east Texas yielded 75 to 79 percent as much lumber as green sawlogs. Trees dead for 180 to 360 days did not appear economical to utilize. The lower initial moisture content of veneer from beetle- killed timber in combination with the increased permeability (due to effects of blue-stain fungi) results in overdried veneer when dried at normal green veneer schedules. Glue-line quality tests indicate that normal drying schedules, adhesives, and gluing practices may require modification to process beetle-killed timber. Best results could be achieved if veneer from bugwood could be segregated and processed separately. This special handling would be justified if a sufficient volume of bugwood were processed. Source: www.barkbeetles.org/spb/UBKSP/UBKSPSVP.html Page 6PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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