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HEAT EXCHANGER USING NANO FLUID

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HEAT EXCHANGER USING NANO FLUID ( heat-exchanger-using-nano-fluid )

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ABSTRACT Mehta et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 Review Article HEAT EXCHANGER USING NANO FLUID Prof. Alpesh Mehta1*, 2Dinesh k Tantia , 3Nilesh M Jha , 4Nimit M Patel Address for Correspondence *1Assistant Professor, Government Engineering College, Godhra 2,3,4 Students of 7th Semester Mechanical Government Engineering College, Godhra This paper shows the research work on heat exchanger using nano fluid. In this paper we are using compact heat exchanger as heat transferring device while Al2O3 as a nano fluid. The effect of the nano fluids on compact heat exchanger is analyzed by using ε –NTU rating numerical method on turbo-charged diesel engine of type TBD 232V-12 cross flow compact heat exchanger radiator with unmixed fluids consisting of 644 tubes made of brass and 346 continuous fins made of copper. Comparative study of Al2O3+ water nano fluids as coolant is carried out. KEY WORDS: heat exchanger, nano materials 1. INTRODUCTION Heat exchanger using nano fluid is a device in which the heat transfer takes place by using nano fluid. In this the working fluid is nano fluid. Nano fluid is made by the suspending nano particles in the fluid like water, ethylene glycol and oil, hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons etc. 1.1 Introduction to nano fluid Nano fluids are dilute liquid suspended nano particles which have only one critical dimension smaller than ~100nm. Much research work has been made in the past decade to this new type of material because of its high rated properties and behaviour associated with heat transfer (Masuda et al. 1993; Choi 1995), mass transfer (Krishnamurthy et al. 2006, Olle et al. 2006). The thermal behaviour of nano fluids could provide a basis for an huge innovation for heat transfer, which is a major importance to number of industrial sectors including transportation, power generation, micro- manufacturing, thermal therapy for cancer treatment, chemical and metallurgical sectors, as well as heating, cooling, ventilation and air-conditioning. Nano fluids are also important for the production of nano structured materials (Kinloch et al. 2002), for the engineering of complex fluids (Tohver et al. 2001), as well as for cleaning oil from surfaces due to their excellent wetting and spreading behaviour (Wasan & Nikolov 2003). 1.1.2 History of nano fluid The twenty-first century is an era of technological development and has already seen many changes in almost every industry. The introduction of nano science and technology is based on the famous phrase "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" by the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman in 1959. Feynman proposed this concept using a set of conventional-sized robot arms to construct a replica of themselves but one-tenth the original size then using that new set of arms to manufacture a even smaller set until the molecular scale is reached. 1.2 Introduction to heat exchanger Heat exchanger is nothing but a device which transfers the energy from a hot fluid medium to a cold fluid medium with maximum rate, minimum investment and low running costs. 1.2.1 History of heat exchanger In the 1950s, aluminium heat exchangers made moderate inroad in the automobile industry with the invention of the vacuum brazing technique, large scale production of aluminium-based heat exchangers began to raise and grow resulting from advantages of the controlled atmosphere brazing process (Nocolok brazing process introduced by ALCAN). With increasing years introduction of “long life” (highly corrosion resistant) alloys further improved performance characteristics of aluminium heat exchangers. Extra demands for aluminium heat exchangers increased mainly due to the growth of automobile air-conditioning systems. 1.2.2 About heat exchanger The heat transfer in a heat exchanger involves convection on each side of fluid and conduction taking place through the wall which is separating the two fluids. In a heat exchanger, the temperature of fluid keeps on changing as it passes through the tubes and also the temperature of the dividing wall located between the fluids varies along the length of heat exchanger. Examples: • Boilers, super heaters, reheaters, airpreheaters. • Radiators of an automobile. • Oil coolers of heat engine. • Refrigeration of gas turbine power plant. • In waste heat recovery system. Types: 1. Direct contact type of heat exchanger, 2. Non contact type of heat exchanger. Direction of motion of fluid: 1. Parallel flow, 2. Counter flow 3. Mixed flow. 1.3 Analysis of heat exchanger The thermal analysis of heat exchanger is made by taking outlet temperature of fluid and it is then related to independent parameters as follows, Th,o ,Tc,o orq= f Six independent and one variable which may be Th,o , Tc,o,or q dependent variable as given in the above equation for a given flow arrangement transferred into two independent and one dependent groups which are dimensionless. Nomenclature regarding Heat Exchanger By combining Differential energy conservation equations for the control volume we get dq=q"dA=-Ch dTh = Cc dTc Where, sign depends upon whether dTc is increasing or decreasing with increasing dA or dx (i.e cross sectional surface area and length). IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue IV/Oct.-Dec., 2012/49-54

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