GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Texas

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Texas ( geothermal-energy-texas )

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Table 7-6 Texas Geothermal Resources by category. Total Resource (EJ) Accessible Resource (EJ) Percent Available Depth Range (ft) Hydrothermal (<180°F or 82°C) 84 84 100 < 5000 Geopressured* 5,100 3,570 70 8000—18,000 EGS (> 300°F) 700,000 90,000 13 12,000—33,000 Coproduced/Stranded (212°F or 100°C) 220,000 55,000 25 7000—26,000 Total Geothermal Energy Resource 925,184 148,654 *Geopressured resource includes the dissolved methane content. This number is only for extraction from the sandstone formations, not the shale formations. Quantification of Resource Base The thermal energy potential of each of the geothermal resources described above is summarized in Exhibit 7-6. These numbers represent the total thermal energy reserve of hydrothermal, geopressured, and EGS resources. The Texas geothermal resource values of Exhibit 7-6 are computed as the total thermal energy contained within the depth range of the resource as described above. In addition, accessible resource values are achieved by assuming an appropriate fraction of the total resource base according to technology, geologic setting, and current economic threshold. The following fractions are assumed: hydrothermal is 100 percent accessible, geopressured is 70 percent accessible, EGS uses the mid-range MIT value of 13 percent accessible,38 and coproduced is about 25 percent accessible based on drilling records.36 The use of sedimentary basins and geopressured formations are the highlight for Texas electrical production. Developing existing oil and gas fields into geothermal electrical production areas has the greatest potential for tapping into the 925 × 1021J of thermal energy stored under Texas.39, 49 Using information from previously drilled oil and gas wells, tens of thousands of temperature data points can be used as an exploration tool for defining the most accessible resources. The use of geopressured geothermal resources for thermally enhanced oil recovery seems especially viable in South Texas because of the collocation of resources below heavy-oil reservoirs. Geopressured-geothermal resources can also be used for other applications such as absorption chillers, desalination, agriculture, and aquaculture projects. The economical viability of the East and South Texas EGS potential has yet to be determined. There are wells drilled to 20,000 feet (6 km) but unlike the geopressure areas, the wells have limited natural flow capacity. As EGS projects are completed in Australia and Europe, the likelihood of project development in Texas increases. The 2006 MIT Future of Geothermal Report, suggests EGS could be a sustainable source of energy.39 Space heating and agribusiness applications using water in the 100°F to 170°F temperature range represent the largest potential use of low to moderate temperature hydrothermal energy in Texas. This is based on successful applications in New Mexico and Idaho. In small projects, the resource can last decades if proper management procedures are followed, i.e., the geothermal water is injected back into the reservoir or pumping does not exceed the natural recharge rate. With the addition of a heat exchanger to wells that have already been drilled, many Central Texas municipalities could take advantage of the currently wasted heat from the water they pump for various purposes. 7-10 Geothermal Energy Texas Renewable Energy Resource Assessment

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