Geothermal Energy 1249 USGS

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Geothermal Energy 1249 USGS ( geothermal-energy-1249-usgs )

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Geothermal Energy—Clean Power From the Earth’s Heat� 27 Geothermal Energy is Cleaner than Conventional Energy Coal and fossil-fuel hydrocarbons are the principal sources of energy for the United States. Together, they account for about 95 percent of our Nation’s energy con- sumption. Combustion of bituminous coal emits about 900 kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) per megawatt-hour, and even the relatively clean-burning natural gas releases more than 300 kilograms per megawatt-hour under these conditions. In contrast, geothermally driven power plants are much cleaner, releasing about 120 kilograms per megawatt-hour. Binary geothermal power plants emit zero carbon dioxide, simply because geothermal fluids are never vented to the atmosphere. A similar contrast between geothermal and conventional fossil fuels exists for the emission of sulfurous gases. Without dispute, geothermal energy is a clean source of electrical power. Moreover, once on line generating electricity, geothermal power plants are not only less polluting but also are remarkably reliable. On average, geothermal power plants are off line only about 5 percent of the time. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, whose increas- ing abundance in the Earth’s atmosphere may be one cause of global warming. The scientific community gener- ally believes that long-term global warming is occurring. Debate continues, however, regarding its cause—whether it is simply part of long-term climatic cycles or whether it is manmade to a significant extent. Nonetheless, the data clearly show that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere began to increase measurably with the world industrialization and rapid population growth that has occurred during the past 150 years. The rate of increase has accelerated greatly during the past 50 years. Combustion of fossil fuels is a major contributor to this buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As scientists sort through the accumulating data and work to improve computer models that forecast long-term climate trends, using geothermal energy in place of fossil-fuel resources provides one environmentally friendly energy option. �� Amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, in parts per million by volume, from 1740 to 2000. Data prior to 1958 are from analyses of gases trapped in Greenland ice cores. Post-1958 data were gathered at Mauna Loa Observatory on the Island of Hawai’i. ��

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