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the turbine. Once passing through the turbine the fluid is cooled in the condenser to a saturated liquid. A pump then increases the pressure back to the working pressure and circulates it back to the boiler. There are several configurations for an organic Rankine cycle. The configuration described above is similar to a conventional Rankine cycle in terms of the components needed for operation. Other typical configurations which exist are regenerative organic Rankine cycle, combined heat and power organic Rankine cycle and supercritical Rankine Cycle. 3.2.1 Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycles Depending on the type of the fluid used, the state after expansion may still be a superheated vapour. This is the case with isentropic and dry fluids (fluids which are still a superheated vapour after expansion), which have a saturated vapour line on a T-s diagram that is vertical or negative entropy sloped. Figure 3.1 shows the T-s diagram for R227ea which is considered to be a “dry fluid”. Dry fluids exhibit behavior which allows them to still be superheated at the exit of the expander. With these fluids there is an opportunity to use the heat at the turbine outlet for heating applications if the temperature is sufficient or to use a regenerator and reintroduce the heat into the fluid stream. Generally it is desirable to use a regenerator to maximize efficiency of electric production if it is the prime use for the system. If the temperature of the heat is sufficient and is useable within a short distance, then building or process heating is possible as well. 3.2.2 Combined Heat and Power Organic Rankine Cycles This cycle is the same as the basic organic Rankine cycle except there is a heat exchanger after the expander to take advantage of the remaining heat that still may be at a 15PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of ORC
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