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Waste heat energy harvesting using thermo electric generator (seebeck) effect. When TEG held between temperature gradients (Hot end, Cold end) it produce some voltage this voltage is called seebeck voltage.TEG has Modules which is semiconductors (p,n). Here electrons acting as a thermoelectric power fluid (working medium). Pair of p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor is called as a Module. These semiconductors highly doped by pollutants in order to increase the Electric conductivity.TEG has shield it avoid modules damaging due to high temperature. The efficiency of TEG and voltage generated by TEG is directly proportional to semiconductor material and temperature gradients. So selections of semiconductor based on electric conductivity of the material and try to increase the temperature difference value. This semiconductor is coupled by copper electrode. Increasing no of modules and no of stages and coupling no of TEG increase overall efficiency and voltage output. Exciting efficiency of TEG is 4.2% to 6%. When using stages it increases the efficiency to7%. 1. Thermoelectric Module 2. Thermoelectric shield 3. Thermal Fin 4. Copper electrode V.1 Thermoelectric Module V. TEG HAS FOLLOWING COMPONENTS It is semiconductor which is highly doped by pollutants to increase the electric conductivity of the semiconductor. Good semiconductor has electric conductivity in between 200μV/K - 300μV/K. When choosing semiconductor it has to withstand that much high operating temperature. Some of the good thermoelectric module semiconductors are Bi2Te3, CaMnO, Ca3Co4O9, Sb2Te3, and PbTe Bi2Te3 based materials shown to have seebeck coefficient (voltage per unit temperature difference) of −287 μV/K at 328K, However, one must realize that Seebeck Coefficient and electrical conductivity have a tradeoff; a higher Seebeck coefficient results in decreased carrier concentration and decreased electrical conductivity. In another case bismuth telluride has high electric conductivity of 1.1×105 S·m/m2 with its very low lattice thermal conductivity of 1.20 W/(m·K). For 100K temperature difference and 200 modules it produces 4.2% efficiency and 15volts it is commercially available TEG. CaMnO3 bulks were prepared by a solid state reaction. They show metallic behavior at temperatures higher than about 400 K and electrical resistivity Ω is lower than 12 mΩcm at 1000K in air. For CaMnO3, S value reaches -130 muV/K at 973 K. Both thermoelectric properties are dominated mainly by crystallographic structure. Thermal conductivity samples is as low as 1.5 W/m-K2 and dimension-less figure of merit ZT reaches 0.16 at 973 K for CaMnO3 in air . It generate 3.9% efficiency 2.6 V for 200 modules and 100K temperature difference. This TEG is prefer for High operating temperature. We have Ca3Co4O9 semiconductor for high temperature withstanding property. Ca3Co4O9 has some good thermo electric properties. It can withstand 800oc . Seebeck property 206μV/K, Electrical resistance 11.6 mΩcm. figure of merit ZT=0.23. Thermal conductivity 1.2Wm-1K-1. This property taken for 880K. This TEG generates 4.2 % efficiency 4.2 volts for 200 modules and 100K temperature difference. V.2 Thermoelectric Shield It is a material which protects the modules damage due to high Temperature. Mostly Ceramics material for this which is Al2O3. It also transfer temperature to the modules from hot side. It should be thick. V.3 Thermal Fin It is used here for increase the thermal gradient value. When we increase the Thermal gradient value it increase the seebeck voltage generated by TEG. This FIN also transfers the heat from Thermoelectric Module. It is made by Aluminum metal. When we include Thermal fin it increase the efficiency of the TEG Fig 1. Thermoelectric power generator with fin www.iosrjen.org 3 | P a g ePDF Image | Waste heat energy harvesting using thermo electric generator
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