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The number of modules can be selected by the user and will just be used by the code to create as many identical units which evenly split the flow. The number of nodes can be increased if the code returns warnings about the accuracy of convergence. Pressure drops in the output file will be calculated from the hot fluid inlet, so they will appear as negative values for the cold fluid. This is not an indication of an error. The magnitude of the pressure drop is correct. C.3 Cautions with the PCHE codes When running any of the PCHE codes, if a runtime error occurs, the input value of cold fluid temperature is probably too high. The code is calculating the output temperature of the cold fluid based on the power and the inlet temperature and mass flow rate. If the outlet temperature it computes is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot side, the code runs into an error. Regrettably, this has not yet been corrected. Increasing cold side mass flow rate or increasing the cold side inlet temperature will be required in this case. The steam generator code does not converge as well as the others due to the wider range of heat transfer coefficients on the water side. The code returns warnings to the program window each time a node does not converge. Before producing the final output, the code will also warn if the entire heat transferred has not converged or if the pressure drop has not converged. For these cases, increasing the number of nodes is an option, or the user could increase the number of iteration loops within the code. If the flow path is too long, the PCHE codes will deliver an extremely high pressure drop. This is an indication to the user that the configuration of the PCHE is not a good one and the dimensions should be rearranged in order to produce a greater number of channels, and therefore a shorter flow path. In practice, this might not be possible because a greater number of channels results in larger inlet and outlet plena, which have their own associated pressure drops and costs. Usually, a flow path greater than about 1.5 m is not acceptable. Pressure drops within the channels are underestimates since form losses at the channel inlets and outlets, as well as in the plena, will raise the overall pressure drop of the IHX. C.4 Improvements to the PCHE Codes The PCHE codes can be improved in a number of ways. Convergence is still an issue for the hybrid steam generator code. Oftentimes, a single node will not converge at some point in the calculation. This is not a serious problem for the overall sizing of the heat exchanger, but when several nodes repeatedly fail to converge the code sometimes results in an error of several percent for the overall heat transferred. The code fails when the inlet temperature of the cold side is too high, causing a pinch point. It should provide a warning to the user to explain the failure. Correlations used in the PCHE codes for two phase flow and for sodium are best 146PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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