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temperatures of about 500 oC and can produce higher efficiencies than the Rankine cycle for higher core outlet temperatures. Even if efficiencies are not shown to be markedly different from Rankine cycle efficiencies, the compactness of the cycle may prove to be a deciding advantage for the S-CO2 recompression cycle. S-CO2 compressors appear to be operable over appreciable ranges of speeds and mass flow rates. They achieve good efficiencies in a 500 MWth balance of plant, with single stage and two stage designs for the main and recompressing compressors, respectively. The Real Gas Radial Compressor (RGRC) code has been developed as a useful tool for mean-line, real gas centrifugal compressor design in the future. Gong’s CO2 property subroutines have been incorporated to make the code run quickly. NIST fluid properties are also available, in order to get more accurate results when computation time is not as much of an issue. Producing centrifugal compressor designs for the S-CO2 cycle has shown that a single- stage design can be used with the main compressor for systems above about 400 MWth. If the system power is reduced below this level, either the compressor design speed or the number of stages must be increased. For a 500 MWth system with a single-stage main compressor, the recompressing compressor was designed as a two-stage design. These designs are compact, having diffuser outlet diameters of 2.52 m or less. Efficiencies are at or slightly above 90 % at the design point for the recompression cycle designs. Benchmarking the RGRC code was attempted with estimated parameters from a test compressor operated by Sandia National Laboratory, showing a rough agreement with expected compressor performance. Further benchmarking can be performed when more data become available. 6.2.2 Conclusions on Sodium Fast Reactors Increasing the plant efficiency is the most effective method of reducing busbar costs if the primary or even secondary mission of the SFR is to produce electricity [Nitta, 2009]. This study has shown that the S-CO2 cycle, and the use of Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) can significantly improve the efficiency of the SFR, translating to a reduced cost of electricity. Eliminating the intermediate loop is only practical, from an efficiency perspective, in a loop design for the SFR because the large S-IHX required for effective heat transfer would be too tall to fit within a pool design. The height could be reduced if the designer is willing to use much wider reactor vessels. Forging and transportation of larger vessels become issues for the construction of an SFR. The loop design would probably be required from a safety standpoint anyway, since the potential for a vapor or gas release from a large, high pressure water or CO2 plenum within the primary sodium pool, which could pass through the core, would exist in a pool design. 122PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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