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6 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Future Work 6.1 Summary Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors have the potential to achieve efficiencies of up to 42% and they have unique benefits for the fuel cycle and operations. They are an important technology for the future, but the development of the S-CO2 cycle and supercritical water cycles will be critical for achieving very high efficiencies with these designs. Development of the S-CO2 recompression cycle holds promise for the SFR and other high temperature applications in the future. High efficiencies and relatively small components make the S-CO2 cycle an economically attractive alternative to traditional Rankine cycles. The development of turbomachinery and the detailed modeling of cycle control are important for the cycle to actually be introduced into industrial use. The compressors, heat exchangers, and SFR design options investigated here show promise for S-CO2 cycles and for SFRs, but will require further work. The developments made here also introduce new questions about the economic impacts of design choices. Tools developed in this research can be used in future investigations to continue this work. This work has resulted in several codes that are available for use in the future, for compressor design (RGRC and RGRCMS), heat exchanger sizing (SoSaT and improved PCHE codes), and steady-state S-CO2 cycle analysis (CYCLES III). 6.2 Conclusions 6.2.1 Conclusions on the S-CO2 Cycle and its Compressors The S-CO2 recompression cycle is expected to perform well with realistic levels of air impurities in the working fluid and can tolerate a helium mole fraction of 0.005 with an efficiency loss of about 1.0%, based on runs of the updated CYCLES III. With the new ability to run with fluid mixtures, CYCLES III has shown that the recompression cycle need not run on extremely pure CO2 and that helium may be used as a leak detection gas, if the efficiency penalty is tolerable. Producing leak detection systems that require a lower concentration of helium in the CO2 would alleviate the efficiency penalty. Also, the ethane simple Brayton cycle was shown to have dubious hopes for the future, based on expected levels of ethane dissociation at high temperatures. If dissociation is shown to be low, then the cycle could be successful. When coupled to an SFR, the S-CO2 cycle performs comparably to the Rankine cycle for core outlet 121PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Analysis
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