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Economic Impact and Feasibility Cold fusion could potentially provide an inexpensive source of unlimited energy. Current experiments in cold fusion use small capsules that are no bigger than a drinking glass. These capsules could be used for personal applications or potentially scaled-up for a centralized energy grid. Cold fusion could also solve transportation issues for the nation, by replacing the combustion engine. Cold fusion’s ability to become a significant energy source, however, remains unproven as scientists continue to debate the technology’s viability. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately estimate lifecycle costs. Ed Storms estimated that an investment of $200 million annually for five years is necessary to establish the science of cold fusion and to make it commercially viable.150 Environmental Impact Cold fusion does not produce any carbon emissions and results in minimal radioactive waste. Because there are multiple prototypes in operation and an assortment of metals in use, quantifying cold fusion’s environmental impact at this early stage of development is difficult. It does, however, have potential to provide an environmentally clean source of energy for the United States. Potential Role and Implications If cold fusion could be effectively harnessed to produce excess heat on a consistent basis, then small capsules could be sold as a power source for houses, buildings, cars, or machinery. It could potentially fulfill all U.S. energy needs. At this time, there are no tested commercial applications of cold fusion and it is impossible to provide reliable estimates for the costs and potential impact of cold fusion as an energy source. Geopressured and Co-Produced Fluids Geopressured and co-produced fluids include two different types of energy sources: geopressured reservoirs and co-produced geothermal fluids. Geopressured reservoirs consist of gas-saturated brines, which contain three forms of energy: natural gas dissolved in water, heat from hot water, and hydraulic pressure exerted by water flow. To generate electricity, wells are drilled into a geopressured reservoir to bring gas- saturated brines to the surface, where the natural gas is burned as a fuel and the heat energy is converted into electricity, typically at a binary cycle geothermal power plant. Experts are still studying the best way to develop geopressured reservoirs. For example, in a pilot project in the northern Gulf of Mexico’s sedimentary basin, researchers operated a 1 MW power plant in Pleasant Bayou, Texas, on a combination of heat and natural gas. Ultimately, this attempt was technically successful though not economically viable. More projects are likely to follow, however, since the United States could have access to 59,000 trillion cubic feet (tcf)151 of dissolved natural gas in brines compared to just 211 tcf of proven natural gas reserves. 51PDF Image | Shaping Energy Technology Transition
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