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Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

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Overview of Industrial Waste Heat Recovery ( overview-industrial-waste-heat-recovery )

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Introduction Many industrial processes require large quantities of thermal energy, much of which is eventually exhausted to the environment, either to the atmosphere or water. Recovering this waste heat represents the largest opportunity for reducing industrial energy consumption in the U.S. Since the majority of waste heat sources have temperatures less than 1000oF, it is especially important that we implement technologies suitable for these temperatures. The old rule of thumb that industrial heat recovery is cost effective only for temperatures of at least 1000oF is not true today with increasing energy prices, technological development by equipment manufacturers and decreasing equipment costs. This factsheet provides a general overview of technologies for recovering heat from moderate temperature sources less than 1000oF. Heat recovery options can be broadly classified into three strategies: • Recycling energy back into the process • Recovering energy for other on-site uses • Using it to generate electricity in combined heat and power systems Heat recovery technologies may be also be classified as either passive or active. Passive heat recovery makes use of heat exchangers of various types to transfer heat from a higher temperature source to a lower temperature stream. Passive heat recovery technologies do not require significant mechanical or electrical input for their operation, except for auxiliary equipment such as pumps or fans. Active heat recovery technologies on the other hand require the input of energy to “upgrade” the waste heat to a higher temperature or to electricity. These technologies include industrial heat pumps and combined heat and power systems. The use of waste heat is largely determined by its temperature, with different types of equipment appropriate over different temperature regimes. Other considerations are the flow rate, its availability over the course of the day and year, and the fouling characteristics of the exhaust. Technologies and strategies to manage corrosive, abrasive, and/or fouling exhausts include material selection, heat exchanger design, automatic washers, soot blowers, acoustic horns, pulse detonation, mechanical surface cleaners, and filtration systems. 1

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