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OPPORTUNITIES FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION

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Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2000. 25:115–46 Copyright ⃝c 2000 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved OPPORTUNITIES FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENABLED BY THE CARBON DIOXIDE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM Darlene K. Taylor1, Ruben Carbonell,2 and Joseph M. DeSimone1,2 1,2National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Environmentally Responsible Solvents and Processes, 1Department of Chemistry and Venable and Kenan Laboratories, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; e-mail: dkt@unc.edu, and 2Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905 Key Words polymerization, coatings, microcellular foams, drycleaning, microemulsions ■ Abstract Various applications using carbon dioxide (CO2) have developed within the last decade and, if current trends continue, the CO2 technology platform could emerge as the most commonly used solvent in the twenty-first century. An environ- mentally friendly platform that is wrapped in a successful business format with apparent implications for people and their communities is most likely to endure. Does the CO2 technology platform meet the criteria for becoming a sustainable enterprise? Utilizing CO2 as an alternative solvent in conventional processes has the potential to favorably impact the environment and our communities. There are, however, several barriers to adopting CO2-based applications. Several concepts as well as obstacles to adopting the carbon dioxide technology platform are highlighted in this chapter. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 116 2. ENABLING EARLY DEVELOPMENTS............................. 120 2.1 Fluoropolymers and CO2 ..................................... 122 2.2 CO2-Philic/Hydrophilic Surfactants.............................. 123 2.3 CO2-Philic/Lipophilic Surfactants ............................... 125 2.4 ReversibleSelf-Assembly..................................... 125 3. APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES ENABLED BY THE DESIGN OF CO2-SOLUBLE POLYMERS .................................. 126 3.1 A New Coatings Technology Based on Liquid CO2 .................. 126 3.2 MetalExtractions........................................... 130 3.3 CO2-Swellable Supports...................................... 130 1056-3466/00/1129-0115$14.00 115

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