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International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) – Volume 3 No. 2, February, 2013 Some common structure of carbon nanotubes (CNT) 3. NEED OF NANOFLUID Due to nano size particles, pressure drop is minimum. Higher thermal conductivity of nano particles will increase the heat transfer rate. Successful employment of nanofluid will lead to lighter and smaller heat exchanger. Drastic change in the properties of the base fluid, by suspending nanofluids. Heat transfer rate increases due to large surface area of the nano particles in the base fluid. Nanofluids are most suitable for rapid heating and cooling systems. Due to nano size particles, fluid is considered as integral fluid. Considering the heat transfer point of view, one of the most important challenge faced by the experts is the necessity to increase the heat flux and to reduce the size of the heat exchanger for the efficient use of the energy. Nanotechnology is being considered for use in many applications to provide cleaner, more efficient energy utilization. Maximizing the heat transfer area A is a common statergy to improve the heat transfer and many heat exchangers such as radiators and plate and frame heat exchanger designed to maximize the heat transfer area. This statergy cannot be applied to the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Nanofluids can be used for the wide variety of industries, ranging from transportation to energy production and in electronics systems like microprocessor. The novel and advanced concept of coolant offer intriguing heat transfer characteristics compared to conventional fluid. Application of the nanofluids in the industries may be hindered by the several factors such as long term stability, increase pumping power and pressure drop, nanofluids thermal performance in turbulent and fully developed region, lower specific heat of nanofluids and higher production cost of nanofluids. 4. APPLICATIONS Nanofluids can be used to cool automobile engines and welding equipments and to cool high heat flux device such as high power microwave tubes, and high power laser diode array. Nanofluid could flow through the tiny passage in MEMS to improve the efficiency. In the transportation industry, nanocars,General Motors (GM),Ford among others are focusing on nanofluid research projects. Some common applications are:- Engine cooling Engine transmission oil Boiler exhaust flue gas recovery Cooling of electronics circuits Nuclear system cooling Solar water heating Refrigeration (domestic and chillers) Defence and Space applications Thermal storage Bio-medical applications Drilling and lubrications The measurement of nanofluid critical heat flux (CHF) in a forced convection loop is useful for the nuclear applications. If nanofluid improve the chiller efficiency by 1%, a saving of 320 billion KWh of electricity or equivalent 5.5 million barrel of oil per year would be release in US alone. The nanofluids finds the potential for deep drilling operations. A nanofluid can also be used for increasing the dielectric strength and life of transformer oil by dispersing nanodiamonds particles. 5. LITERATURE SURVEY Jongwook Choi and Yuwen Zhang [1] performed simulation of laminar forced convection heat transfer of Al2O3 - water in pipe with return bend. A straight pipe of dimensionless diameter 1 and dimensionless length of 10 is considered. The grids on pipe consists of nodal points 5226 and elements of 4875 for the Finite Element Method (FEM), and nodal points of 292800 and elements 301701 for CFX with fine mesh to obtained more accurate ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 137PDF Image | Nanofluid Heat Transfer
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