PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 007
Bahram Saadatfar, Reza Fakhrai and Torsten Fransson, JMES Vol 2 Issue 1 2014 A few authors have examined mixtures of natural hydrocarbons and fluorinated hydrocarbons as a working fluid in ORC. Demuth [58] studied geothermal power plant with two-component mixtures of natural hydrocarbons for working at 137 °C and 182 °C geothermal water source. It is reported that subcritical cycle efficiency increases up to 14% in comparison with pure fluid propane. For a low temperature solar, Wang and Zhao [59] studied turbine design with three mass fractions of R245fa/R152a at fixed evaporation and condensation temperature. Comparing to pure R245fa the mixtures showed a lower volume flow rate at the inlet of the expander; in addition, a lower volume flow ratio for the expansion can be seen. These mean a reduction of turbine dimensions and costs [60]. Chys et al. [61] examined the effect of using mixtures as working fluids in ORC with a simulation model of the cycle including all elements of an actual installation. In the next sections, a brief review of three other zeotropic vapor cycles is described. 2.3.1 The Kalina cycle In early1980s, Kalina introduced a new thermodynamic power cycle using an ammonia–water mixture as a working fluid and was named Kalina cycle [62]. The Kalina cycle is a modified Rankine cycle consisting proprietary designs for using the ammonia-water working fluid. The scheme of a typical Kalina cycle is shown in Fig. 5. Intermediate concentration of ammonia in state 1 is pumped to state 2, and then heated in a recuperator and heat up by brine in evaporator. In state 5, the liquid and vapor part is split. The vapor phase in state 6, send to the expander and mixed with liquid part. This is cooled in recuperator and condenser. Theoretically, the Kalina cycle can convert around 45% heat to power, and up to 52% in gas turbine combined cycle plant; this compares with 35% and 45% for steam cycle [63]. The Kalina cycle cycles show about 32% more power in the industrial waste heat application comparison with an ORC. Nonetheless, the Kalina cycle in small biomass direct-fired based cogeneration do not have better performance than ORC. The adoption of the Kalina cycle to heat source sink is one of the advantages over the ORC cycle, as the ammonia–water composition and the system high and low pressure levels can be adjusted [64]. Fig. 5. (a) Simple diagram (b) temperature-heat diagram of the Kalina cycle 7PDF Image | Thermodynamic Vapor Cycles for Converting Low- to Medium-grade Heat to Power: A State-of-the- art Review and Future Research Pathways
PDF Search Title:
Thermodynamic Vapor Cycles for Converting Low- to Medium-grade Heat to Power: A State-of-the- art Review and Future Research PathwaysOriginal File Name Searched:
1ES21Ba.89125232.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |