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Innovations of the Organic Flash Cycle (OFC) Scientists at Berkeley Lab and the University of California, Berkeley have designed a new variant of the ORC that results in better efficiency utilization of thermal resources. This new variant has been named the Organic Flash Cycle (“OFC”).1 The OFC increases exergetic efficiency with isentropic or "dry" aromatic hydrocarbons as working fluids that almost perfectly match the temperature of the thermal resource, reducing a major contributor of system energy conversion inefficiencies. Heat addition takes place completely in the liquid phase of the cycle with the working fluid vaporized during flash evaporation. The OFC invention has several configurations, each suited to different conditions and cycle requirements. Figure 2 shows one of currently four variants of the OFC called the “Modified OFC”. In this variant, turbine expansion is done in 2 stages. After the fluid is separated into liquid and vapor in the flash evaporator, the vapor goes through the first turbine. After expansion in this turbine, the vapor exhaust is mixed with the liquid from the flash evaporator in a mixer. In the mixer, the superheated vapor and saturated liquid produce a saturated vapor that can be used again in a second turbine. The liquid is condensed once it exits the second turbine and the cycle is completed. The additional components for the OFC are readily available in the marketplace and when used with aromatic hydrocarbons, can yield an incremental 9%-13% efficiency over the basic ORC. Another variation on the basic OFC replaces the throttling valve with a more efficient two-phase expander to reduce system irreversibility. The OFC outperforms the basic ORC with approximately 20% to 50% greater thermal energy utilization. It has approximately 90% heat addition efficiency compared to about 70% for basic ORC, about 75% for a zeotropic Rankine cycle with a binary ammonia-water mixture, and about 80% for a CO2 transcritical cycle. Figure 2. System Schematics for the Modified OFC 3PDF Image | Thermal Efficiency from Organic Flash Cycle
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