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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY Exhibit 53: Estimate of Western Wind Resources Northwest CO&WY California Southwest Prairie States Texas GWh Acres (000) MW GWh Acres (000) MW GWh Acres (000) MW GWh Acres (000) MW GWh Acres (000) MW GWh Acres (000) GWh 11,014 43,418 352 24,730 97,484 791 3,256 12,834 104 19,828 78,163 635 – – – 379 1,494 12 233,393 Wind Resources Region MW Class 6 Class 5 27,279 90,805 873 1,121 3,733 36 2,094 6,970 67 9,083 30,234 291 6,941 23,104 222 761 2,533 24 157,379 Class 4 45,359 139,070 1,451 20,280 62,179 649 3,625 11,115 116 6,718 20,597 215 90,862 278,583 2,908 9,177 28,138 294 Land as % of Region 1.06% 1.1% 0.3% 0.4% 1.59% 0.2% TOTAL 539,682 0.8% 2001 Demand SOURCE: RDI Consulting and POWERmap 1,092,160 In addition, we have mentioned that hydro generation in the West is energy-constrained, which in turn constrains capacity. On average, a dam cannot run at a higher capacity than the dam is replenished by water. However, wind generation in the Northwest could allow the dams to hold back generation, thus temporarily filling the reservoir. When output from wind farms in a region drops, hydro generation could be increased. This would have a number of beneficial effects for both hydro and wind. In particular it would: ● mitigate the intermittence of wind; ● provide more stable river flows; and ● result in much better transmission line load factors in certain regions. In a sense, wind and hydro generation in the Northwest could be used in tandem to deliver more reliable combined generation. This in effect would also allow a lower reserve margin in the region (and the Western Interconnection as a whole). An example of using hydro storage to firm up wind capacity is already underway in southeastern Washington. For the 48-MW Nine Mile Canyon Wind Project,6 the Bonneville Power Administration will utilize its vast hydroelectric sys- tem for storing excess production and making up shortfalls and provide transmission scheduling services for an additional $0.013/kWh. 123PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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