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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY that is not available. Because land use underneath a wind farm, such as farming and ranching, can continue almost undisturbed, we kept a relatively large portion of the potential wind resources as available land for wind farm development. For Class 4 and 5 wind resources we assume that 5% of the land could be used for wind power and 10% for wind resources of Class 6 and higher. Exhibit 53 shows our estimates of the amount of available wind resources. Available land is a percentage (depending on the resource class) of the potential wind resources according to our GIS analysis. To estimate the capacity and energy that could be derived from available wind resources, we assumed that 20 MW of wind require about one square mile of land for all wind classes. For wind Class 4, Class 5, and Class 6 we assumed capacity factors of 35%, 38%, and 45%, respectively. Elsewhere in the country, wind farms are erected in wind power classes as low as Class 3, but such wind resources are considered marginal in the West, where currently all development focuses on wind classes of 5 and higher. With these assumptions, we conclude there are about 176,022 MW of Class 4 wind power resources, 47,278 MW of Class 5, and 59,2007 MW of Class 6+. Combined, these wind energy resources could generate 930,455 GWh of electricity, or 85% of western energy. If wind farms are dispersed around the West and if a robust transmission system could send the power from where the wind is blowing to where it is not, then the inherent intermittence problems of wind could be greatly mitigated. According to this analysis based on wind data from NREL, the Southwest has little wind resources compared to states in the north, most notably the Dakotas. Nevertheless, recent installations of wind turbines in Texas, a state that according to our analysis (see Exhibit 53) has rather marginal wind resources, has shown that wind resources can be bigger than anticipated.5 With this caveat, it appears likely that actual wind resources may be better (or worse) than the GIS mapping and our analysis suggests. Nevertheless, we believe that our analysis provides a reasonable estimate that allows a comparison with solar energy resources calculated using a similar methodology. Exhibit 52: Existing and New Wind Capacity in the West Northwest CO and WY California Southwest Prairie States Texas TOTAL Wind Capacity MW Region Beginning of 2001 40 80 1,900 – 3 170 2,193 New in 2001 225 45 132 – 113 714 1,229 122PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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