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The 2025 objective is: • Assuming this technology survives go/no go decision points, achieve a levelized energy cost of less than $0.06 /kWh. Key Technical Challenges • Identifying enabling technologies that could make a third-generation solar cell feasible • Demonstrating that a third-generation process, such as one involving hot carriers, actually results in solar conversion to electricity. Technical Targets System Element Unit Third-Generation Cell Efficiency % System LEC $/kWh Technical Barriers 2003 (baseline) 0% 2007 2025 >0% TBD TBD Third-Generation Solar Cells G. New knowledge is needed to identify pathway options for third-generation solar cells H. A demonstration is needed for at least one third-generation process. Technology Approaches and Tasks Task 4, Third-Generation Solar Cells: NREL has an internal project exploring the theoretical and experimental justifications for third-generation technologies. Soliciting proposals from highly qualified research groups, under the DOE Solar Program “Core” University science initiative, will lead to totally new efforts to achieve such aggressive goals. • Select university research teams for third-generation PV technologies targeting very high efficiency and very low cost • Demonstrate feasibility of third-generation PV devices such as hot-carrier and impact- ionization concepts • Assess potential of nanotechnologies for achieving third-generation goals of very high efficiency and very low cost. Schedule and Milestones (Refer to Table 4.4-2) 4.4.2.2 Advanced Building-Integrated Concepts Technology Status and Challenges Buildings account for roughly a third of total energy consumption in the United States. Given the ubiquity of incident solar radiation in our country and our national goal of energy independence, a tremendous potential exists for the solar energy technologies to make a large impact on reaching that goal. Building energy loads are generally heating, cooling, lighting, and others that are typically met through “plug power” (electricity). Solar energy has already demonstrated that it can address all of these loads. Active solar-thermal space and water heating systems have long been available and successfully compete with fossil- and electrically driven technologies in many markets. Thermally driven cooling systems exist that can use solar energy in place of fossil energy sources. Solar daylighting complements electrically driven artificial lighting, and can largely displace it in buildings whose duty cycles are primarily daytime. Plug power from central plants built using the concentrating solar power technologies have been operating reliably since Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 127PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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